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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (36): 97-101.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1030

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

新疆泽普县苹果花期冻害农业气象因素分析

克日木·阿巴司1(), 孟凡雪1(), 热汗古力·库得热提2, 汪俊2, 李慧民2   

  1. 1 新疆维吾尔自治区喀什地区气象局，新疆喀什 844000
    2 新疆喀什地区瓜果蔬菜产业发展中心，新疆喀什 844000
  • 收稿日期:2022-12-06 修回日期:2023-03-03 出版日期:2023-12-20 发布日期:2023-12-20
  • 通讯作者:
    孟凡雪，女，1978年出生，新疆喀什人，高级工程师，本科，研究方向：农业气象、气候变化和预测。通信地址：844000 新疆喀什市文化路 喀什地区气象局，Tel：0998-5819095，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    克日木·阿巴司，男，1977年出生，新疆喀什人，高级工程师，本科，研究方向：农业气象、气候变化和预测。通信地址：844000 新疆喀什市文化路189号 喀什地区气象局，Tel：0998-5819095，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区2022年度“天山英才”计划新疆“三农”骨干人才培养项目（农业技术推广人才）“喀什地区新梅、樱桃防灾减灾技术措施研究”(2022SNGGNT052); 新疆气象局科学技术研究与应用技术开发项目“基于GIS的喀什地区新梅种植气候适宜性区划及方法”子项目“新梅发育期观测及指标确定”(MS201911); 新疆维吾尔自治区喀什地区气象局2020年科学技术研究与应用技术开发项目“喀什地区春季晚霜冻农业气象特征分析与研究”(KS202006)

Analysis of Agro-meteorological Factors Causing Apple Florescence Freezing in Zepu

ABASI Kerimu1(), MENG Fanxue1(), KUDERETI Rehanguli2, WANG Jun2, LI Huimin2   

  1. 1 Kashi Meteorological Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Kashi, Xinjiang 844000
    2 Kashi Fruit and Vegetable Industry Development Center of Xinjiang, Kashi, Xinjiang 844000
  • Received:2022-12-06 Revised:2023-03-03 Published-:2023-12-20 Online:2023-12-20

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摘要：

低温冻害是危害新疆林果业持续健康高效发展的三大灾害之一，通过泽普国家一般气象站1991—2022年逐日气象资料和近年来苹果花期冻害灾情调查资料，分析了苹果花期冻害成因。结果表明：1991—2022年间，苹果花芽膨大期、花芽开放期、开花始期提前2.0~5.1 d/10 a；苹果花期气温骤降，日最低气温达-2.0℃，低于0℃的持续时间达0.5 h，苹果花期冻害显著；主要致灾气象因子为冻害过程的最大日较差(≥22℃)、极端最低气温(≤-2℃)、倒春寒天气、降温剧烈、持续时间长、降水天气伴有沙尘天气（沙尘暴、扬沙、浮尘）以及大风等。受冻后苹果的可溶性固形物含量等指标发生了不同程度的降低，苹果花期低温冻害影响了苹果的品质。对泽普苹果产区富士系苹果花期冻害进行深入研究，将具有重要的科学意义和应用价值。

关键词: 苹果, 花期冻害, 农业气象因素, 泽普县

Abstract:

Low temperature and freeze injury is one of three major disasters that endanger the development of fruit trees in Xinjiang. The daily meteorological data during 1991 to 2022 from meteorological station of Zepu and investigation data about freezing injury of apple florescence in recently years were used to analyze the cause of freezing injury. The results showed that: from 1991 to 2022, the apple flower bud expansion period, flower bud opening period, the beginning of flowering were ahead of time by 2.0 to 5.1 d/10 a; apple florescence freezing damage was significant when the temperature dropped suddenly in flowering period, the lowest temperature reached -2.0℃, and the duration below 0℃ was 0.5 h; the dominant disaster-causing factors included the maximum diurnal range of temperature (no less than 22℃), the extreme minimum temperature (no more than -2℃), the spring cold weather, severe cooling, long duration, precipitation weather with dust weather (sandstorm, sand-blowing and floating dust) and severe wind. After freezing injury, the soluble solids content and other indicators of apple decreased to different extents. Freezing injury in apple flowering period affected the quality of apple. It will be of great scientific significance and application value to study on the freezing damage in flowering period of Fuji apple in Zepu apple producing area.

Key words: apple, florescence freezing, agro-meteorological factors, Zepu County