等氮量有机替代对水稻田面水氮素动态变化特征研究

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0391

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (11): 36-43.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0391

所属专题：水稻

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇下一篇

等氮量有机替代对水稻田面水氮素动态变化特征研究

付斌¹^,²(), 胡万里¹^,²(), 倪明¹^,², 李枝武¹^,², 王炽¹^,², 陈安强¹^,², 闫辉¹^,², 赵新梅¹^,², 陈兴位¹^,², 杨树明¹^,²

¹ 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所，昆明 650205
² 马龙红壤坡耕地保育与水土流失云南省野外科学观测研究站，昆明 650205

收稿日期:2023-05-16 修回日期:2023-09-19 出版日期:2024-04-15 发布日期:2024-04-11
通讯作者:
胡万里，男，1977年出生，云南会泽人，研究员，本科，研究方向：农业面源污染治理。通信地址：650205 昆明市盘龙区北京路2238号云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所，Tel：0871-65894459，E-mail：13888167144@163.com。
作者简介:
付斌，男，1983年出生，云南个旧人，副研究员，硕士，研究方向：农业环境保护研究。通信地址：650205 昆明市盘龙区北京路2238号云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所，Tel：0871-65894459，E-mail：fubinbd@163.com。
基金资助:
云南省重大科技专项计划“特色经济作物节水控肥管理及调控技术研究”(202102AE090032); 云南省高层次科技人才及创新团队选拔专项“云南省农业环境保护农田土壤氮磷减蓄与高效利用创新团队”(202305AS350013); 国家重点研发计划“典型水稻种植模式氮磷増汇材料研发与应用”(2016YFD0800502); 云南省科技人才与平台计划“马龙红壤坡耕地保育与水土流失云南省野外科学观测研究站”(202205AM070002)

Study on Dynamic Characteristics of Nitrogen in Surface Water of Paddy Field by Equal Nitrogen Organic Substitution

FU Bin¹^,²(), HU Wanli¹^,²(), NI Ming¹^,², LI Zhiwu¹^,², WANG Chi¹^,², CHEN Anqiang¹^,², YAN Hui¹^,², ZHAO Xinmei¹^,², CHEN Xingwei¹^,², YANG Shuming¹^,²

¹ Agricultural Resources & Environment Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205
² Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province for Malong Red Soil Conservation and Soil Erosion of Sloping Farmland, Kunming 650205

Received:2023-05-16 Revised:2023-09-19 Published:2024-04-15 Online:2024-04-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了防控高原湖泊流域稻田氮素径流流失，保护受纳水体生态环境。在洱海流域水旱轮作种植模式下，设置不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(NPK)、有机无机配施(NPKS)、有机肥全量替代(SS) 4个等氮量有机替代处理，研究水稻田面水氮素浓度的动态变化特征，探讨有机肥替代化肥施用对田面水氮素流失的影响。试验结果表明：基肥施用后田面水NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N、Org-N和TN浓度迅速升高，在3~7 d内达到峰值，施肥后7 d是防止田面水氮素大量流失的关键风险期。等氮量有机替代种植，田面水中NH₄⁺-N/TN浓度占比为39.01%~54.01%，NO₃^--N/TN浓度占比为11.33%~21.62%，Org-N/TN浓度占比为33.85%~41.94%。化肥氮施用增加田面水NH₄⁺-N/TN浓度占比，有机肥施用增加田面水NO₃^--N/TN和Org-N/TN浓度占比。等氮量有机替代对田面水氮素浓度的响应随施肥天数的增加而减弱，田面水NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N、Org-N、TN的浓度变化呈一元二次多项式下降，基肥施氮后35~40 d田面水氮素浓度趋于稳定低水平。在3种有机替代种植方式中，NPKS处理可降低田面水氮素浓度，降低稻田氮素流失风险。

关键词: 等氮量, 有机替代, 水旱轮作, 田面水, 氮素流失

Abstract:

To prevent and control the loss of nitrogen runoff in paddy fields in plateau lake basins and protect the ecological environment of receiving water bodies, under the paddy-upland rotation planting pattern in Erhai Lake Basin, four equal nitrogen organic substitution treatments were set up, including no fertilization (CK), single application of chemical fertilizer (NPK), combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers (NPKS), and total replacement of organic fertilizer (SS). The dynamic changes of nitrogen concentration in surface water of paddy field were studied, and the effect of organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer on nitrogen loss in surface water was discussed. The results showed that the concentrations of NH₄⁺-N, NO₃^--N, Org-N and TN in surface water increased rapidly after the application of base fertilizer, and reached the peak within 3-7 days. 7 days after fertilization was the key risk period to prevent the loss of nitrogen in surface water. The proportion of NH₄⁺-N/TN concentration in surface water was 39.01%-54.01%, the proportion of NO₃^--N/TN concentration was 11.33%-21.62%, and the proportion of Org-N/TN concentration was 33.85%-41.94%. The application of chemical fertilizer nitrogen increased the proportion of NH₄⁺-N/TN concentration in surface water, and the application of organic fertilizer increased the proportion of NO₃^--N/TN and Org-N/TN concentration in surface water. The response of organic substitution of equal nitrogen amount to nitrogen concentration in surface water decreased with the increase of fertilization days. The concentration changes of NH₄⁺-N, NO₃^--N, Org-N and TN in surface water decreased in a quadratic polynomial, and the nitrogen concentration in surface water tended to be stable at a low level after 35-40 days of nitrogen application. Among the three organic substitution planting methods, NPKS treatment could reduce the nitrogen concentration in surface water and reduce the risk of nitrogen loss in paddy fields.

Key words: equal nitrogen, organic substitution, paddy-upland rotation, surface water of the paddy field, nitrogen loss

付斌, 胡万里, 倪明, 李枝武, 王炽, 陈安强, 闫辉, 赵新梅, 陈兴位, 杨树明. 等氮量有机替代对水稻田面水氮素动态变化特征研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(11): 36-43.

FU Bin, HU Wanli, NI Ming, LI Zhiwu, WANG Chi, CHEN Anqiang, YAN Hui, ZHAO Xinmei, CHEN Xingwei, YANG Shuming. Study on Dynamic Characteristics of Nitrogen in Surface Water of Paddy Field by Equal Nitrogen Organic Substitution[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(11): 36-43.

图/表 9

参考文献 28

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处理	氮素形态	曲线拟合方程	理论最大值	理论最小值	天数/d
CK	NH₄⁺-N	y=0.0017x²-0.1009x+2.924	2.92	1.42	29.67
	NO₃^--N	y=0.0007x²-0.051x+1.288	1.28	0.35	36.43
	Org-N	y=0.0026x²-0.1538x+2.783	2.78	0.50	29.58
	TN	y=0.0049x²-0.3057x+6.994	6.99	2.22	31.19
NPK	NH₄⁺-N	y=0.0053x²-0.406x+8.024	8.02	0.24	38.30
	NO₃^--N	y=0.0007x²-0.0539x+1.451	1.45	0.41	38.50
	Org-N	y=0.0024x²-0.1595x+3.169	3.16	0.51	33.23
	TN	y=0.0131x²-0.9572x+17.664	17.66	0.17	36.53
NPKS	NH₄⁺-N	y=0.0079x²-0.5422x+9.709	9.70	0.40	34.32
	NO₃^--N	y=0.0009x²-0.0677x+1.767	1.76	0.49	37.61
	Org-N	y=0.0013x²-0.0932x+2.691	2.69	1.02	35.85
	TN	y=0.0136x²-0.9566x+17.788	17.78	0.96	35.17
SS	NH₄⁺-N	y=0.0014x²-0.1186x+4.5379	4.53	2.02	42.36
	NO₃^--N	y=0.0019x²-0.1535x+3.4369	3.43	0.33	40.39
	Org-N	y=0.0035x²-0.2729x+6.079	6.07	0.75	38.99
	TN	y=0.0068x²-0.545x+14.053	14.05	3.13	40.07

处理	氮素形态	曲线拟合方程	理论最大值	理论最小值	天数/d
CK	NH₄⁺-N	y=0.0017x²-0.1009x+2.924	2.92	1.42	29.67
	NO₃^--N	y=0.0007x²-0.051x+1.288	1.28	0.35	36.43
	Org-N	y=0.0026x²-0.1538x+2.783	2.78	0.50	29.58
	TN	y=0.0049x²-0.3057x+6.994	6.99	2.22	31.19
NPK	NH₄⁺-N	y=0.0053x²-0.406x+8.024	8.02	0.24	38.30
	NO₃^--N	y=0.0007x²-0.0539x+1.451	1.45	0.41	38.50
	Org-N	y=0.0024x²-0.1595x+3.169	3.16	0.51	33.23
	TN	y=0.0131x²-0.9572x+17.664	17.66	0.17	36.53
NPKS	NH₄⁺-N	y=0.0079x²-0.5422x+9.709	9.70	0.40	34.32
	NO₃^--N	y=0.0009x²-0.0677x+1.767	1.76	0.49	37.61
	Org-N	y=0.0013x²-0.0932x+2.691	2.69	1.02	35.85
	TN	y=0.0136x²-0.9566x+17.788	17.78	0.96	35.17
SS	NH₄⁺-N	y=0.0014x²-0.1186x+4.5379	4.53	2.02	42.36
	NO₃^--N	y=0.0019x²-0.1535x+3.4369	3.43	0.33	40.39
	Org-N	y=0.0035x²-0.2729x+6.079	6.07	0.75	38.99
	TN	y=0.0068x²-0.545x+14.053	14.05	3.13	40.07

等氮量有机替代对水稻田面水氮素动态变化特征研究

Study on Dynamic Characteristics of Nitrogen in Surface Water of Paddy Field by Equal Nitrogen Organic Substitution

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