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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (14): 64-69.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0471

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

改性磷尾矿粉对红壤生境玉米生长及土壤理化性状的影响

郭永杰1(), 王孟来1, 肖亚楠1, 陈赐云1, 武建林2, 耿川雄3, 扶艳艳2, 施文庆4, 杨科4, 王自全5, 杨景华2()   

  1. 1 云南磷化集团有限公司/国家磷资源开发利用工程技术研究中心，昆明 650600
    2 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所，昆明 650201
    3 云南农业大学植物保护学院，昆明 650201
    4 云南农业大学资源与环境学院，昆明 650201
    5 云南省烟草公司曲靖市公司陆良分公司，云南曲靖 655600
  • 收稿日期:2023-06-20 修回日期:2023-10-21 出版日期:2024-05-15 发布日期:2024-05-09
  • 通讯作者:
    杨景华，男，1971年出生，云南宜良人，本科，高级实验师，主要从事土壤肥料及植物营养研究。通信地址：650221 云南省昆明市盘龙区北京路2238号 云南省农业科学院植物营养室，Tel：0871-65891333，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    郭永杰，男，1981年出生，山东聊城人，博士，主要从事磷矿浮选、固废资源化利用等方面的研究。通信地址：650600 云南省昆明市晋宁区昆阳街道永乐大街东侧 云南磷化集团有限公司/国家磷资源开发利用工程技术研究中心，Tel：0871-68576216，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目“坡耕地和中低产田主要作物绿色生产技术与智能肥料研发”(2022YFD1901503-3); 云南省科技成果转化项目“磷尾矿资源化利用研究”(2023530103000933)

Effects of Modified Phosphorus Tail Powder on Maize Growth and Soil Physicochemical Properties in Red Soil Habitat

GUO Yongjie1(), WANG Menglai1, XIAO Yanan1, CHEN Ciyun1, WU Jianlin2, GENG Chuanxiong3, FU Yanyan2, SHI Wenqing4, YANG Ke4, WANG Ziquan5, YANG Jinghua2()   

  1. 1 Yunnan Phosphating Group Co., LTD/National Engineering Research Center for Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization, Kunming 650600
    2 Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650201
    3 College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201
    4 College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201
    5 Luliang Branch, Qujing Tobacco Company of Yunnan Province, Qujing, Yunnan 655600
  • Received:2023-06-20 Revised:2023-10-21 Published:2024-05-15 Online:2024-05-09

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摘要：

通过玉米田间试验，研究改性磷尾矿粉对红壤生境玉米生长及土壤理化性状的影响，为磷尾矿的合理利用以及酸性红壤农田防治施肥技术提供理论依据。供试玉米试验地位于曲靖市马龙县旧县镇，设置如下处理：（1）当地习惯施肥(CK)；（2）当地习惯施肥+改性磷尾矿粉3000 kg/hm2 (T1)；（3）当地习惯施肥+改性磷尾矿粉6000 kg/hm2 (T2)；（4）当地习惯施肥+改性磷尾矿粉9000 kg/hm2 (T3)；（5）当地习惯施肥+改性磷尾矿粉12000 kg/hm2 (T4)；（6）当地习惯施肥+改性磷尾矿粉15000 kg/hm2 (T5)，每个处理3次重复，测定玉米产量和pH、有机质、交换性钙等土壤理化性质。结果表明：施用改性磷尾矿粉显著提高土壤pH，较CK最高提高了23.20%，显著降低了交换性酸总量、交换性Al3+含量和有效锰含量，最高分别降低了79%、70%和29.18%；施用改性磷尾矿粉提高了土壤交换性钙，较CK，最高显著提升了38.19%；施用改性磷尾矿粉的百粒重最高较CK处理提高了4.03%，对玉米产量无显著影响。施用改性磷尾矿粉可通过降低土壤交换性酸，提高阳离子交换量、土壤交换性钙来消减土壤酸化，不同施用量的改性磷尾矿粉对土壤和玉米的影响有所差异，其中施用6000 kg/hm2的改性磷尾矿粉（T3处理）是最优的施肥方案，它可以在不影响玉米产量的前提下，最大程度地改善土壤理化性质，降低土壤酸化程度，增加土壤团聚体稳定性。

关键词: 改性磷尾矿粉, 磷素, 酸性土壤, 土壤团粒结构, 产量

Abstract:

The aims are to study the effects of modified phosphorus tail powder on the growth of maize and soil physicochemical properties in red soil habitat through corn field experiment, and to provide theoretical basis for the rational utilization of phosphorus tailings and the prevention and fertilization technology of acid red soil farmland. The experimental corn field was located in Jiuxian Town, Malong County, Qujing City. The following treatments were set up: (1) local customary fertilization (CK); (2) local customary fertilization + modified phosphorus tail powder 3000 kg/hm2 (T1); (3) local customary fertilization + modified phosphorus tail powder 6000 kg/hm2 (T2); (4) local customary fertilization + modified phosphorus tail powder 9000 kg/hm2 (T3); (5) local customary fertilization + modified phosphorus tail powder 12000 kg/hm2 (T4); (6) local customary fertilization + modified phosphorus tail powder 15000 kg/hm2 (T5), each treatment was repeated 3 times, and the maize yield and soil physicochemical properties such as pH, organic matter, exchangeable calcium were measured. The results showed that the application of modified phosphorus tail powder significantly increased soil pH value, which was 23.20% higher than that of CK at the highest level, and significantly reduced the total amount of exchangeable acid, exchangeable Al3+ content and available manganese content, which were 79%, 70% and 29.18% lower than that of CK at the highest level, respectively. The application of modified phosphorus tail powder increased soil exchangeable calcium, which was 38.19% higher than that of CK at the highest level. The application of modified phosphorus tail powder increased the 100-grain weight by 4.03% compared with CK at the highest level, and had no significant effect on maize yield. The application of modified phosphorus tail powder can reduce soil acidification by reducing soil exchangeable acid, increasing cation exchange capacity and soil exchangeable calcium. The effects of different application rates of modified phosphorus tail powder on soil and maize differed. Among which the application of 6000 kg/hm2 modified phosphorus tail powder (T3 treatment) was the optimal fertilization scheme, which could improve soil physicochemical properties, reduce soil acidification degree and increase soil aggregate stability to the greatest extent without affecting maize yield.

Key words: modified phosphorus tail powder, phosphorus, acid soil, soil aggregate structure, yield