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中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (14): 13-22.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0500

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

密度和行距对直立株型小麦产量、群体冠层特征和抗倒伏性的影响

赵夕冉1(), 张玉1, 张嘉豪1, 陈建省1,2, 张卫东1,2(), 马玉华3, 孟庆福3, 鄢照新4, 汪永振1   

  1. 1 山东农业大学农学院,山东泰安 271018
    2 国家作物生物学重点实验室,山东泰安 271018
    3 青岛中农智慧控股集团有限公司,山东青岛 266400
    4 青岛山农金麦农业科技有限公司,山东青岛 266400
  • 收稿日期:2023-07-10 修回日期:2023-10-17 出版日期:2024-05-15 发布日期:2024-05-09
  • 通讯作者:
    张卫东,男,1968年出生,河北东光人,副教授,博士研究生,研究方向:小麦遗传育种。通信地址:271018 山东省泰安市岱宗大街61号 山东农业大学农学院,Tel:0538-8242226,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    赵夕冉,女,2002年出生,山东德州人,硕士研究生,研究方向:小麦遗传育种。通信地址:271018 山东省泰安市岱宗大街61号 山东农业大学农学院,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    青岛市科技惠民示范专项项目“优质高产抗逆广适小麦新品种选育与应用”(23-2-8-xdny-18-nsh); 青岛市科技攻关“揭榜制”专项项目“特色高优小麦新品种提质增效关键技术创新与产业化研发”(2021-11)

Effects of Density and Row Spacing on Yield, Canopy Characteristics and Lodging Resistance of Upright Plant Type Wheat

ZHAO Xiran1(), ZHANG Yu1, ZHANG Jiahao1, CHEN Jiansheng1,2, ZHANG Weidong1,2(), MA Yuhua3, MENG Qingfu3, YAN Zhaoxin4, WANG Yongzhen1   

  1. 1 College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018
    2 National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018
    3 Qingdao Zhongnong Intelligent Holdings Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao, Shandong 266400
    4 Qingdao Shannong Jinmai Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Qingdao, Shandong 266400
  • Received:2023-07-10 Revised:2023-10-17 Published:2024-05-15 Online:2024-05-09

摘要:

为了给直立株型小麦的栽培措施调控提供理论依据,本研究以2个小麦直立株型品系‘SN1319’和‘SN1425’为试验材料,设置T1(330×104株/hm2基本苗)和T2(420×104株/hm2基本苗)2个高密度播量,H1、H2和H3(分别为1.10 m播幅6行,8行和10行)3个行距组合,研究种植方式对小麦产量、冠层特征和倒伏特性的影响。结果表明,‘SN1319’和‘SN1425’分别在T2H2和T2H3处理下获得最高产量,比对照‘济麦22’增产9.83%和10.10%;高密度条件改善了小麦冠层形态特征,增加叶面积指数(LAI)和消光系数(EC),提高了小麦冠层光截获能力;但是使群体透光性(LT)下降,倒伏指数(LI)上升。品系、行距对冠层结构、光截获能力以及倒伏特性也具有显著影响。试验表明420×104株/hm2基本苗、适当缩小行距可作为直立株型小麦合理的栽培措施。直立株型小麦作为一种新的类型,能够选育高产甚至超高产小麦品系,在实践中具有应用价值。

关键词: 普通小麦, 紧凑株型, 播量, 行距, 产量, 冠层结构, 抗倒伏性

Abstract:

To provide a theoretical basis for the regulation of cultivation measures in upright plant type (UPT) wheat, two UPT wheat lines ‘SN1319’ and ‘SN1425’ were used as materials, and experimental combinations with two high-density sowing rates (T1, 330×104 plants/hm2 and T2, 420×104 plants/hm2 basic seedlings, respectively) and three sowing spacing (H1, H2, and H3 for 6, 8, and 10 rows in a sowing range of 1.10 meters, respectively) were set to study the effects of planting methods on wheat yield, canopy characteristics, and lodging characteristics. The results showed that ‘SN1319’ and ‘SN1425’ achieved the highest yield under T2H2 and T2H3 treatments, respectively, with an increase of 9.83% and 10.10% compared to the control ‘Jimai 22’. High density sowing improved morphological characteristics, leaf area index (LAI) and the extinction coefficient (EC), and increased the light interception ability in wheat population canopy. However, it also reduced the light transmittance (LT) and increased the lodging index (LI) in the populations. Wheat line and row spacing also had significant effects on canopy structure, light interception and lodging characteristics. The experiment indicates that 420×104 plants/hm2 basic seedlings and appropriate reduction of row spacing can be considered as reasonable cultivation measures for UPT wheat. As a new type of wheat, UPT wheat can be used to breed high or even super high yield lines and has application values in practice.

Key words: common wheat, compact plant type, sowing amount, row spacing, yield, canopy structure, lodging resistance