高温胁迫对马铃薯叶片生理特性及产量影响研究

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0712

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

马铃薯是重要的粮食作物，对高温十分敏感。本研究旨在探讨高温胁迫对马铃薯叶片生理特性及产量的影响。以‘青薯9号’为试验材料，采用随机区组试验设计，对马铃薯叶面积、叶绿素含量、光合荧光特性及产量进行了系统研究。结果表明，高温胁迫使叶面积指数和叶片SPAD值明显下降，T₁处理较T₂处理叶面积指数下降11%~34%，相对T₃处理下降34%~68%，T₂较T₃处理的SPAD值降低了2.43%。其次，光合荧光及产量也下降，回升相对缓慢，抑制了Pn产生和对光能的吸收与转化，并使得活性氧增加，叶片失水萎蔫造成死亡，从而会影响马铃薯的整个生育进程，造成最终减产。因此，高温下会引发功能叶片多变，使马铃薯光合性能降低，活跃期逐渐缩短，生理代谢活动紊乱，产量也明显降低。

关键词: 马铃薯, 高温胁迫, 光合特性, 荧光特性, 产量

Abstract:

Potato is an important food crop and is very sensitive to high temperature. In order to study the effects of high temperature stress on the physiological characteristics and yield of potato leaves, ‘Qingshu 9’was used as the experimental material, and the leaf area, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics and yield of potato were systematically studied using randomized block design. The results showed that the leaf area index and leaf SPAD value decreased significantly under high temperature stress. The leaf area indexes of T₁ treatment were decreased by 11%-34% compared with T₂ treatment, and they were decreased by 34%-68% compared with T₃ treatment. The SPAD value of T₂ treatment was decreased by 2.43% compared with T₃ treatment. Secondly, the photosynthetic fluorescence and yield also decreased, and the recovery was relatively slow, which inhibited the production of Pn and the absorption and transformation of light energy. The reactive oxygen species increased, and the leaves were dehydrated and wilted to cause death, which would affect the whole growth process of potato, resulting in the final reduction of yield. Therefore, high temperature will lead to the change of functional leaves, which will reduce the photosynthetic performance of potato, gradually shorten the active period, disorder the physiological metabolic activity, and significantly reduce the yield.

Key words: potato, high temperature stress, photosynthetic characteristics, fluorescence characteristics, yield

赵媛媛, 刘萍涛, 康建宏. 高温胁迫对马铃薯叶片生理特性及产量影响研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(21): 35-44.

ZHAO Yuanyuan, LIU Pingtao, KANG Jianhong. Effects of High Temperature Stress on Physiological Characteristics and Yield of Potato Leaves[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(21): 35-44.

图/表 11

参考文献 28

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年份	土层/cm	有机质/(g/kg)	全氮/(g/kg)	碱解氮/(mg/kg)	速效磷/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)	pH
2021	0~20	12.16	0.32	39.95	29.86	229.8	6.88
2022	0~20	6.43	0.81	46.33	38.24	182.05	7.16

年份	土层/cm	有机质/(g/kg)	全氮/(g/kg)	碱解氮/(mg/kg)	速效磷/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)	pH
2021	0~20	12.16	0.32	39.95	29.86	229.8	6.88
2022	0~20	6.43	0.81	46.33	38.24	182.05	7.16

年份	开花后天数/d	T₁	T₂	T₃
2021	10	49.17±0.96a	45.43±0.80a	45.63±1.04a
	27	50.17±1.15b	57.97±1.38a	58.30±0.91a
	42	40.47±0.76b	45.77±1.15a	46.90±1.90a
	56	39.47±0.41c	42.50±0.62b	44.50±0.70a
	71	36.90±0.79a	38.43±0.80a	38.33±1.19a
2022	9	47.47±2.05b	48.43±1.94a	45.47±0.80a
	30	49.00±1.40b	47.67±0.77b	53.13±1.81a
	50	45.53±2.26b	45.80±2.50b	44.30±2.31a
	62	42.63±1.16a	46.37±1.85a	48.80±1.30a
	80	38.10±1.57a	44.10±1.47a	44.60±1.04a

年份	开花后天数/d	T₁	T₂	T₃
2021	10	49.17±0.96a	45.43±0.80a	45.63±1.04a
	27	50.17±1.15b	57.97±1.38a	58.30±0.91a
	42	40.47±0.76b	45.77±1.15a	46.90±1.90a
	56	39.47±0.41c	42.50±0.62b	44.50±0.70a
	71	36.90±0.79a	38.43±0.80a	38.33±1.19a
2022	9	47.47±2.05b	48.43±1.94a	45.47±0.80a
	30	49.00±1.40b	47.67±0.77b	53.13±1.81a
	50	45.53±2.26b	45.80±2.50b	44.30±2.31a
	62	42.63±1.16a	46.37±1.85a	48.80±1.30a
	80	38.10±1.57a	44.10±1.47a	44.60±1.04a

年份	产量及构成因素	处理
年份	产量及构成因素	T₁	T₂	T₃
2021	每穴薯重/kg	0.99±0.21a	1.25±0.43a	1.25±0.36a
	大薯数/（个/穴）	3.00±1.33a	4.00±1.15a	4.10±1.60a
	中薯数/（个/穴）	2.20±2.20a	1.00±1.05ab	0.40±0.52b
	小薯数/（个/穴）	1.90±0.99a	1.80±1.99a	2.10±1.60a
	大薯率/%	69.56±0.06a	76.32±0.52a	74.31±0.68a
	中薯率/%	21.32±0.67a	15.43±0.85a	18.52±0.74a
	小薯率/%	9.12±0.52a	8.25±0.96a	7.17±0.91a
	商品薯率/%	90.88±0.69a	91.75±0.75a	92.83±0.85a
	公顷产量/(t/hm²)	29.41±6.89a	30.84±6.38a	34.52±6.78a
2022	每穴薯重/kg	0.61±0.27a	0.67±0.18a	0.62±0.17a
	大薯数/（个/穴）	0.20±0.42a	0.20±0.42a	0.40±0.70a
	中薯数/（个/穴）	2.50±1.78a	3.5±1.58a	2.90±1.85a
	小薯数/（个/穴）	8.70±3.06a	7.40±4.22a	6.90±3.87a
	大薯率/%	4.04±8.70a	4.45±9.60a	10.75±18.30a
	中薯率/%	59.08±23.41a	42.63±25.15a	41.63±25.34a
	小薯率/%	36.88±20.92a	52.92±24.53a	47.62±26.68a
	商品薯率/%	63.12±23.41a	47.08±25.15a	52.2±25.34a
	公顷产量/(t/hm²)	21.89±0.22c	22.80±0.20b	23.98±0.14a