水稻对高温逆境的响应机制及防御措施研究进展

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0801

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (33): 1-10.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0801

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 下一篇

水稻对高温逆境的响应机制及防御措施研究进展

李渊¹^,²(), 唐洋¹^,², 吴云飞³, 蒋敏¹^,², 陈京都¹^,²^,⁴()

¹ 江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室，扬州大学农学院，江苏扬州 225009
² 江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心，扬州大学，江苏扬州 225009
³ 扬州大学生物科学与技术学院，江苏扬州 225009
⁴ 扬州市农业技术综合服务中心，江苏扬州 225009

收稿日期:2023-11-04 修回日期:2024-02-15 出版日期:2024-11-23 发布日期:2024-11-23
通讯作者:
陈京都，男，1985年出生，江苏邳州人，高级农艺师，研究生，主要从事水稻栽培、农业技术推广研究工作。通信地址：225101 江苏省扬州市经济技术开发区江海路19号扬州市农业技术推广站，E-mail：chenjingdu1985@163.com。
作者简介:
李渊，男，2000年出生，江苏常熟人，在读硕士研究生，主要从事作物栽培与生理学研究。通信地址：225009 江苏省扬州市邗江区大学南路88号扬州大学农学院，E-mail：mz120221335@stu.yzu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
江苏现代农业产业技术体系建设项目“水稻产业技术体系、小麦产业技术体系”(JATS[2022]274); 江苏现代农业产业技术体系建设项目“水稻产业技术体系、小麦产业技术体系”(JATS[2023]249); 江苏省高等学校自然科学研究重大项目“水稻冠层温度的形成机理及其与产量品质的关系”(21KJA210001)

Response Mechanism and Defense Measures Against High Temperature Adversity in Rice: A Review

LI Yuan¹^,²(), TANG Yang¹^,², WU Yunfei³, JIANG Min¹^,², CHEN Jingdu¹^,²^,⁴()

¹ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009
² Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009
³ College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009,
⁴ Yangzhou Agricultural Technology Comprehensive Service Center, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009

Received:2023-11-04 Revised:2024-02-15 Published:2024-11-23 Online:2024-11-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

当前全球气候变暖速度和极端高温天气发生频率正在不断上升，高温对水稻产量和品质构成了一定威胁。为进一步阐明水稻对高温的响应机理，本文从高温对水稻生产指标和生理特性的影响、水稻相关基因分子对高温的响应、应对热害的防御措施等方面归纳了水稻高温热害方向的研究进展，重点总结了高温对水稻生产的影响，深入分析了水稻响应高温的生理（光合特性/抗氧化系统）及基因分子机制，得出了水稻耐热特性是品种与环境互作形成的结论。水稻光合特性由气孔及非气孔限制因子共同影响，抗氧化进程通过增强抗氧化酶活性、降低丙二醛含量来实现；水稻通过激活关键基因表达，刺激体内热信号转导以提高植株的热适应性；通过完善“产前-产中-产后”综合管理监测体系、探寻创新栽培制度，多角度挖掘水稻高温防御机制。提出了今后可以将传统育种和现代育种相结合，利用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术、基因插入、重组和突变等手段，融合转录组、蛋白组和代谢组分析，进而从微观的角度深入解析水稻耐高温机理并挖掘更多耐热种质资源，其次可以加强育种学、植物生理学和分子生物学之间的学科交叉与合作，这将有利于耐热表型的精确鉴定与关键基因的精细定位，也能帮助育种家培育拥有新基因型的耐高温水稻。研究旨在为今后开展水稻耐热育种工作和提高水稻可持续性生产提供科学参考。

关键词: 水稻, 高温逆境, 生产指标, 生理特性, 基因分子调控, 防御措施

Abstract:

The global warming rate and the frequency of extreme high temperature weather are continuously increasing, which could bring catastrophic impacts to rice production. To further clarify the response mechanism of rice to high temperature, this article summarized the research progress in the direction of rice heat damage from high temperature, focused on the impact of high temperature on rice production, and deeply analyzed the physiological (photosynthetic characteristics/antioxidant system) and gene molecular mechanisms of rice’s response to high temperature. We concluded that the heat tolerance characteristics of rice were formed by the interaction between varieties and the environment. Results showed that, the photosynthetic characteristics of rice were influenced by both stomatal and non-stomatal limiting factors, and the antioxidant process was achieved by enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reducing the content of malondialdehyde; rice improved plant heat adaptability by activating the expression of key genes and stimulating the transduction of heat signals within the plant; by optimizing “Before production-During production-After production” comprehensive management and monitoring system, we could explore innovative cultivation systems, and thoroughly investigate the high temperature defense mechanisms of rice. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the physiological and molecular mechanisms of rice in response to high temperature stress, providing a scientific reference for future heat-tolerant rice breeding work and improving rice sustainable production.

Key words: rice, high temperature adversity, production indexes, physiological characteristics, molecular regulation of genes, defense measures

李渊, 唐洋, 吴云飞, 蒋敏, 陈京都. 水稻对高温逆境的响应机制及防御措施研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(33): 1-10.

LI Yuan, TANG Yang, WU Yunfei, JIANG Min, CHEN Jingdu. Response Mechanism and Defense Measures Against High Temperature Adversity in Rice: A Review[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(33): 1-10.

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水稻对高温逆境的响应机制及防御措施研究进展

Response Mechanism and Defense Measures Against High Temperature Adversity in Rice: A Review

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