欢迎访问《中国农学通报》,

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (25): 72-80.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0195

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

地膜种类、种植密度对黄芪光合特征和产量的影响

李冲(), 魏廷邦()   

  1. 甘肃省农业工程技术研究院,兰州 730010
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-20 修回日期:2024-06-15 出版日期:2024-09-05 发布日期:2024-08-27
  • 通讯作者:
    魏廷邦,男,1990年出生,助理研究员,硕士,主要从事中药材生理生态栽培研究工作。通信地址:730010 甘肃省武威市凉州区黄羊镇新镇路234号,Tel:0935-2611349,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    李冲,男,1974年出生,农艺师,本科,主要从事中药材栽培研究与技术推广工作。通信地址:730010 甘肃省武威市凉州区黄羊镇新镇路234号,Tel:0935-2611349,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-21); 甘肃省中医药产业创新联合体重大专项“甘肃特色中药材种质评价及其优质种子种苗生产技术体系集成建设与推广”(22ZD6FA021-1); 甘肃省自然科学基金项目“水肥耦合对盐碱地向日葵生理特性和根区养分的调控机理”(23JRRH0014); 武威市科技计划自然科学基金项目“生物降解地膜覆盖与种植密度的协同效应对蒙古黄芪生理特性、品质和产量的影响”(WW2202RPZ020)

Effects of Types of Mulch and Planting Density on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Astragalus memeranaceus

LI Chong(), WEI Tingbang()   

  1. Gansu Academy of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Lanzhou 730010
  • Received:2024-03-20 Revised:2024-06-15 Published:2024-09-05 Online:2024-08-27

摘要:

为探究地膜种类和种植密度对黄芪生育期的光合特性、干物质积累量、黄芪甲苷含量和产量的影响,以蒙古黄芪为研究对象,于2021—2022年在绿洲区开展大田试验,采用裂区设计,以地膜种类[(快速降解地膜(T1)、慢速降解地膜(T2)、普通地膜(T3)、不覆膜(T4)]为主区,以种植密度[2.1×105株/hm2(D1)、2.4×105株/hm2(D2)、2.7×105株/hm2(D3)、3.0×105株/hm2(D4)]为裂区,在黄芪开花期和收获期采用光合测定仪和试验小区取样法分别测定黄芪的光合速率、叶绿素含量及黄芪甲苷含量和产量等指标。结果表明,T2与D2处理的黄芪光合速率、叶绿素含量、干物质积累量、黄芪甲苷含量、产量均为最高。T2D2处理的光合速率较T2D1、T2D3、T2D4处理分别提高30.81%、36.91%、48.67%;T2D2处理的叶绿素含量较T2D1、T2D3、T2D4处理分别提高34.26%、17.39%、34.23%;T2D2处理的黄芪地下部产量较T2D1、T2D3、T2D4处理分别提高34.78%、15.22%、19.18%。T2D2处理的黄芪甲苷含量较T2D1、T2D3、T2D4和T1D2、T3D2、T4D2处理分别提高53.99%、31.26%、55.62%和54.27%、32.90%、78.03%。采用慢速生物降解地膜覆盖与种植密度2.4×105株/hm2的最优种植模式可提高黄芪生育期的光合作用、干物质积累量、产量和黄芪甲苷含量。

关键词: 地膜, 种植密度, 黄芪, 光合特性, 产量

Abstract:

The effects of different types of mulch and planting density on photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation and astragaloside content and yield of Astragalus memeranaceus were studied in this research. Using the cultivar A. memeranaceus var. mongholicus as research material, a split plot field experiment was carried out in the oasis irrigation area of Gansu Province in 2021-2022. Four types of mulch (namely fast degradation film, slow degradation film, ordinary film and no film, respectively as T1, T2, T3, T4) were set as the main plots, and four planting densities (namely 2.1×105, 2.4×105, 2.7×105, 3.0×105 plant/hm2, respectively as D1, D2, D3, D4) were set as the split plots. The Photosynthetic, chlorophyll relative content (SPAD), astragaloside content and yield were determined by the photosynthetic instrument and sampling methods of experimental plot at flowering and harvesting stages of A. memeranaceus, respectively. Under the slow degradation film treatment (T2) and the planting density (D2) treatment in growth stages of A. memeranaceus, the photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll relative content, dry matter accumulation and astragaloside content and yield were the highest. Compared with the T2D1, T2D3 and T2D4 treatments, the photosynthetic rate of T2D2 treatment increased by 30.81%, 36.91% and 48.67%; the chlorophyll relative content of T2D2 treatment increased by 34.26%, 17.39% and 34.23%; the underground yield of T2D2 treatment increased by 34.78%, 15.22% and 19.18%; the astragaloside content of T2D2 treatment increased by 53.99%, 31.26% and 55.62%. Compared with T1D2, T3D2 and T4D2 treatments, the astragaloside content of T2D2 treatment increased by 54.27%, 32.90% and 78.03%, respectively. The optimal planting mode of slow degradation film (T2) and density of 2.4×105 plant/hm2 (D2) at growth stage of A. memeranaceus can improve the photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation, yield and astragaloside content.

Key words: mulch, planting density, Astragalus memeranaceus, photosynthetic characteristics, yield