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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (33): 18-23.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0235

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同施氮量及氮肥基追比对‘郑麦369’产量的影响

王红梅1(), 吕继龙2()   

  1. 1 河南省郸城县农业科学研究所，河南周口 477150
    2 河南周口国家农业科技园区，河南周口 477150
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-27 修回日期:2024-07-14 出版日期:2024-11-25 发布日期:2024-11-23
  • 通讯作者:
    吕继龙，1993年出生，研究实习员，硕士，主要研究方向：养分管理/作物栽培。通信地址：477150 河南省周口市郸城县工业大道与兴业大道交叉口南300米，Tel：0394-3181889，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    王红梅，女，1981年出生，河南郸城人，副研究员，本科，主要研究方向：作物栽培。通信地址：477150 河南省周口市郸城县工业大道北段，Tel：0394-3188202，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    河南省重点研发专项“小麦玉米新品种绿色高效生产技术示范推广”(221111112400)

Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates and Nitrogen Ratios of Base and Topdressing on Yield of ‘Zhengmai 369’

WANG Hongmei1(), LV Jilong2()   

  1. 1 Henan Dancheng County Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zhoukou, Henan 477150
    2 Management Committee of Henan Zhoukou National Agricultural Science and Technology Park, Zhoukou, Henan 477150
  • Received:2024-03-27 Revised:2024-07-14 Published:2024-11-25 Online:2024-11-23

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摘要：

施氮量和氮肥基追比是影响小麦产量的关键因素，不同施氮量和氮肥基追比对小麦不同生育期内茎蘖数以及产量构成因素产生重要影响，探索施氮量和氮肥基追比的最佳组合，可以有效提高小麦产量。本研究采用双因素设计，以氮肥施用量为主处理，氮肥基追比为副处理，主处理设置4个不同的施氮量，包括F1 120 kg/hm2、F2 180 kg/hm2、F3 240 kg/hm2和F4 300 kg/hm2；副处理设置6个不同的基追比，包括N1 3:7、N2 4:6、N3 5:5、N4 6:4、N5 7:3、N6 10:0，在拔节期进行追氮。在出苗期、越冬期、拔节期、孕穗期和成熟期调查内茎蘖数；在灌浆期测定千粒重变化；在成熟期测定有效穗数、穗粒数、千粒重。结果表明：施氮量和基追比，以及二者的交互作用均显著影响‘郑麦369’产量，其中F3处理能有效提高小麦群体数量，F2处理能减少成穗期茎蘖消亡率，且F2处理对‘郑麦369’的增产效果最大，增产达到9.74%~33.58%；小麦产量随着基肥中氮肥比例的增加呈现下降趋势；相比N1、N2和N3，小麦产量在N5和N6处理中显著下降；施氮量和氮肥基追比的交互作用下，F2N1的小麦产量最高，较其他处理增产最高达到52.12%。结果表明，施氮量和氮肥基追比通过影响有效穗数和千粒重进而影响‘郑麦369’的产量，其中F2N1的交互处理下的小麦产量达到最高。本研究为优化‘郑麦369’的高产栽培措施提供重要的理论依据。

关键词: 小麦, 产量, 施氮量, 氮肥基追比, 栽培措施

Abstract:

Nitrogen application rate and base-topdressing ratios of nitrogen fertilizer are key factors affecting wheat yield. Different nitrogen application rate and base-topdressing ratios of nitrogen fertilizer have important effects on the number of tillers and yield components at different growth stages of wheat. Exploring the optimal combination of nitrogen application rate and base-topdressing ratios of nitrogen fertilizer can effectively improve wheat yield. A two-factor design was used in this study. Four different nitrogen application rates were set for the main treatment, including F1 120 kg/hm2, F2 180 kg/hm2, F3 24kg/hm2 and F4 300 kg/hm2. Six different base-topdressing ratios of nitrogen fertilizer were set for secondary treatment, including N1 3:7, N2 4:6, N3 5:5, N4 6:4, N5 7:3 and N6 10:0. Nitrogen topdressing was carried out at the jointing stage. The number of internal tillers was investigated at seedling stage, overwintering stage, jointing stage, booting stage and maturity stage. The 1000-grain weight was measured at the filling stage. Effective spike number, grain number per spike, and 1000-grain weight were measured at the maturity stage. The results showed that the yield of ‘Zhengmai 369’ was significantly affected by nitrogen application rate, base-topdressing ratios of nitrogen fertilizer, and their interaction. Among them, F3 effectively increased the population number of wheat, F2 reduced the tiller loss rate at the heading stage, and F2 had the greatest effect on the yield of ‘Zhengmai 369’, increasing yield by 9.74%-33.58%. Wheat yield decreased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer proportion in the base fertilizer. Compared with N1, N2 and N3, wheat yield decreased significantly under N5 and N6. Under the interaction of nitrogen application rate and base-topdressing ratios of nitrogen fertilizer, F2N1 had the highest wheat yield, with a maximum increase of 52.12% compared to other treatments. The results showed that nitrogen application rate and base-topdressing ratios of nitrogen fertilizer affected the yield of ‘Zhengmai 369’ by affecting the effective spike number and 1000-grain weight. Among the treatments, the wheat yield under the interactive treatment of F2N1 reached the highest. This study provided an important theoretical basis for optimizing high-yield cultivation measures of ‘Zhengmai 369’.

Key words: wheat, yield, nitrogen application rate, base-topdressing ratios of nitrogen fertilizer, cultivation measures