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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (13): 19-25.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0651

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

6种纯林结构对TSP、PM2.5消减作用以及PM2.5中重金属质量浓度的影响

徐晓艳1(), 李文彬2, 王蕾2, 孙丽3()   

  1. 1 日照城投集团有限公司，山东日照 276800
    2 日照市园林环卫集团有限公司，山东日照 276800
    3 青岛农业大学园林与林学院，山东青岛 266109
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-30 修回日期:2025-02-24 出版日期:2025-05-07 发布日期:2025-05-07
  • 通讯作者:
    孙丽，女，1981年出生，山东菏泽人，讲师，硕士，主要从事城市林业与城市景观设计研究。通信地址：266109 山东省青岛市城阳区长城路700号园林与林学院，Tel：0532-58957222，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    徐晓艳，女，1985年出生，山东临沂人，高级工程师，硕士，主要从事园林植物与城市绿地生态功能研究工作。通信地址：276800 日照市东港区青岛路，Tel：0633-7178100，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    横向课题“城市绿地空气颗粒物密度及滞尘效果的测定”(660/2425005)

Effects of Six Pure Forest Structures on Reducing TSP, PM2.5 and Characteristics of Heavy Metal Changes in PM2.5

XU Xiaoyan1(), LI Wenbin2, WANG Lei2, SUN Li3()   

  1. 1 Rizhao Urban Investment Group Co., Ltd., Rizhao, Shandong 276800
    2 Rizhao Garden Sanitation Group Co., Ltd., Rizhao, Shandong 276800
    3 College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agriculture University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109
  • Received:2024-10-30 Revised:2025-02-24 Published:2025-05-07 Online:2025-05-07

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摘要： 园林植物可以截取、滞留大气尘埃，是净化城市的重要过滤体。为解决TSP和PM2.5的污染问题，以日照市植物园为研究对象，通过对植物园TSP以及PM2.5浓度测定及植物群体调查，定量分析不同植物群体对TSP和PM2.5浓度的消减作用、TSP和PM2.5浓度的昼夜及季变化规律、TSP和PM2.5浓度变化与植物群体特征之间的关系，以及不同群体下PM2.5中重金属浓度的变化情况。结果表明：（1）不同季节下植物群体结构对TSP和PM2.5的削减作用差异显著，但均表现为‘红王子’锦带纯林>大叶女贞纯林>三球悬铃木纯林>美国红梣纯林>日本晚樱纯林>草地，夏季‘红王子’锦带纯林的TSP和PM2.5消减率最高，分别为21.2%和36.5%。（2）TSP和PM2.5浓度昼夜变化呈“W”型，8:00—16:00逐渐下降，随后开始升高，20:00到达小峰值后又下降，24:00后逐渐增加；季变化规律是夏季最低、冬季最高。（3）夏季TSP和PM2.5浓度与乔木郁闭度、平均高度和种植密度呈显著正相关。（4）夏季不同植物群体内PM2.5中12种重金属的总质量浓度为草地(813.2 ng/m3)>日本晚樱纯林(754.2 ng/m3)>美国红梣纯林(724.5 ng/m3)>三球悬铃木纯林(658.9 ng/m3)>大叶女贞纯林(626.7 ng/m3)>‘红王子’锦带纯林(587.2 ng/m3)，重金属质量浓度与PM2.5质量浓度的变化基本一致；Zn、Pb质量浓度占比最高，Cd、Ni、V、Co质量浓度占比较低。研究认为，‘红王子’锦带纯林对TSP、PM2.5消减作用较强且PM2.5中重金属含量少，可作为提高城市空气质量、消减TSP和PM2.5浓度的有效纯林结构。

关键词: 植物群体, TSP, PM2.5, 结构特征, 季节, 重金属, 城市, 削减率

Abstract:

Landscape plants can intercept and retain atmospheric dust, which are important filters for purifying the city. In order to address the pollution issues of TSP and PM2.5, an experiment was taken using Rizhao Botanical Garden as the research object. Through the determination of the concentration of TSP and PM2.5 in the park and the survey of plant groups, it quantitatively analyzed the reduction effects of different plant groups on the concentration of TSP and PM2.5, the diurnal and seasonal changes of TSP and PM2.5 concentrations, the relationship between the changes of TSP and PM2.5 concentrations and the characteristics of plant communities, and the changes of heavy metals in PM2.5 under different populations. The results showed that: (1) the effect of plant population structure on the reduction of TSP and PM2.5 in different seasons was significantly different. However, the order was consistent as Weigela florida ‘Red Prince’> Ligustrum compactum> Platanus orientalis> Fraxinus pennsylvanica> Prunus lannesiana ‘Hatzakura’> grassland. In summer, the highest reduction rates of TSP and PM2.5 were 21.2% and 36.5%, respectively, in the pure forest of the W. florida ‘Red Prince’ belt. (2) The diurnal variation of TSP and PM2.5 concentrations showed a “W” pattern, which gradually decreased from 8:00 to 16:00, then began to rise, reached a small peak at 20:00, then decreased, and gradually increased after 24:00. The seasonal variation rule was that the concentrations of TSP and PM2.5 were the lowest in summer and the highest in winter. (3) The concentrations of TSP and PM2.5 in summer were significantly positively correlated with tree canopy density, average height and planting density. (4) The total mass concentration of 12 heavy metals in summer was grassland (813.2 ng/m3)> pure forest of P. lannesiana ‘Hatzakura’ (754.2 ng/m3)> F. pennsylvanica (724.5 ng/m3)> P. orientalis (658.9 ng/m3)> L. compactum (626.7 ng/m3)> W. florida ‘Red Prince’ (587.2 ng/m3), the changes in heavy metal concentration and PM2.5 concentration were basically consistent. The mass concentration of Zn and Pb was the highest, and the mass concentration of Cd, Ni, V and Co was relatively low. The conclusion is that the W. florida ‘Red Prince’ pure forest has a strong effect on reducing TSP and PM2.5, and the heavy metal content in PM2.5 is low. It can be used as an effective pure forest structure to improve urban air quality and reduce TSP and PM2.5 concentrations.

Key words: plant community, TSP, PM2.5, structural characteristic, season, heavy metals, city, reduction rate