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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (30): 48-54.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0171

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

农田土壤—小麦系统重金属迁移特征和风险评估

薛志伟1(), 郜峰1(), 黄青青2, 杨春玲1   

  1. 1 安阳市农业科学院，河南安阳 455000
    2 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所，天津 300191
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-07 修回日期:2024-07-10 出版日期:2024-10-25 发布日期:2024-10-23
  • 通讯作者:
    郜峰，男，1985年出生，河南安阳人，助理研究员，硕士研究生，主要从事小麦新品种选育和相关研究。通信地址：455000 河南省安阳市文峰区文明大道833号 安阳市农业科学院，Tel：0372-2529357，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    薛志伟，女，1987年出生，河南浚县人，助理研究员，硕士研究生，主要从事小麦新品种选育和相关研究。通信地址：455000 河南省安阳市文峰区文明大道833号 安阳市农业科学院，Tel：0372-2529357，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    财政部和农业农村部：国家现代农业产业技术体系资助“小麦全产业链绿色优质高效生产技术模式研究”(CARS-3); 安阳市科技攻关计划“基于镉筛选的小麦积累机理及绿色小麦新种质的创制”(2023C01NY005)

Migration Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Farmland Soil-Wheat System

XUE Zhiwei1(), GAO Feng1(), HUANG Qingqing2, YANG Chunling1   

  1. 1 Anyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000
    2 Agro-environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191
  • Received:2024-03-07 Revised:2024-07-10 Published:2024-10-25 Online:2024-10-23

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摘要：

冬小麦是中国主要的粮食作物之一，本研究旨在探讨豫北典型农田土壤和小麦籽粒中重金属的富集特征及其潜在风险，为小麦种植及籽粒安全质量提供科学依据。采集了豫北典型农田的土壤和小麦籽粒样本，测定了其中的铁、锰、锌、铜、铬、镍等元素的含量，并对重金属的污染及其生态风险进行评价。结果表明，土壤中重金属元素铁、锰、锌、铜、铬、镍平均含量分别为11397.33、287.83、23.33、7.41、31.41、8.56 mg/kg；元素之间多数呈显著正相关关系；铜、锌、铬、镍单项污染评价和综合污染评价均为清洁无污染。小麦籽粒中重金属元素铁、锰、锌、铜、铬、镍平均含量分别为30.42、61.75、23.17、1.52、0.28、0.16 mg/kg；少数元素之间呈显著正相关关系。铁、锌、铜含量低于小麦可耐受最高含量，锰含量高于小麦可耐受最高含量；铬元素综合污染评价为轻度污染，镍元素污染评价为清洁无污染。土壤—小麦系统中重金属之间存在协同或拮抗作用，小麦籽粒对土壤重金属的富集系数表现为锌>锰>铜>镍>铬>铁。可得出结论豫北农田土壤重金属污染风险程度较低。

关键词: 土壤, 小麦, 冬小麦, 重金属, 污染评价, 富集特征, 富集系数, 风险评估, 安全质量

Abstract:

Winter wheat is one of the main food crops in China. The enrichment characteristics and potential risks of heavy metals were discussed to provide reference for rational planting of wheat and grain safety and quality. The contents of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni in soil and wheat grain samples collected from typical farmland in northern Henan were determined, and the pollution and ecological risk of heavy metals were evaluated. The results showed that the average contents of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni in soil were 11397.33, 287.83, 23.33, 7.41, 31.41 and 8.56 mg/kg, respectively. Most of the elements showed a significant positive correlation; the single pollution evaluation and comprehensive pollution evaluation of Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni were clean. The average contents of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni in wheat grains were 30.42, 61.75, 23.17, 1.52, 0.28 and 0.16 mg/kg, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between individual elements. The contents of Fe, Zn, Cu were lower than the maximum tolerable content of wheat, and the content of Mn was higher than the maximum tolerable content of wheat. The comprehensive pollution evaluation of Cr was mild pollution, and the pollution evaluation of Ni was clean. There was a synergistic or antagonistic effect between heavy metals in the soil-wheat system. The enrichment coefficient of wheat grain to soil heavy metals was Zn > Mn > Cu > Ni > Cr > Fe. The risk of heavy metal pollution in farmland soil in northern Henan is low.

Key words: soil, wheat, winter wheat, heavy metal, pollution assessment, accumulation characteristics, enrichment coefficient, risk assessment, safety quality