春小麦发育期的干旱胁迫响应特征及其生理调控机制

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0033

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (33): 14-23.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0033

春小麦发育期的干旱胁迫响应特征及其生理调控机制

陈斐¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), 赵鸿¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 王鹤龄¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 杨阳¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 王润元¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 张凯¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), 赵福年¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 齐月¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 唐玉瑞¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 魏星星¹^,²^,³^,⁴

¹ 中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所/中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室/甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室，兰州 730020
² 中国气象局定西干旱气象与生态环境野外科学试验基地，甘肃定西 743000
³ 中国气象局武威国家气候观象台，甘肃武威 733000
⁴ 中国气象局张掖国家气候观象台，甘肃张掖 734000

收稿日期:2025-01-17 修回日期:2025-03-15 出版日期:2025-11-25 发布日期:2025-12-01
通讯作者:
张凯，男，1976年出生，甘肃甘谷人，研究员，硕士，主要从事干旱半干旱区气候变化对农业影响及适应技术、干旱致灾过程和机理研究。通信地址：730020 兰州市城关区东岗东路2070号，E-mail：lanzhouzhk@163.com。
作者简介:
陈斐，女，1988年出生，陕西大荔人，助理研究员，硕士，主要从事作物干旱致灾机理研究。通信地址：730020 兰州市城关区东岗东路2070号，E-mail：huizhaydxx@126.com。
基金资助:
中国气象局创新发展专项“河西走廊灌区制种玉米需水识别及灌溉预报技术”(CXFZ2024J056); 甘肃省省级生态文明建设重点研发专项“甘肃典型干旱农业生态环境旱灾监测与减灾应对关键技术研究”(24YFFA052); 甘肃省科技重大专项“气候变化背景下甘肃精细化农业气候资源和农业气象灾害风险区划及预警研制”(25ZDFA011); 甘肃省省青年科技基金计划“干旱胁迫下春小麦发育期的响应机制研究”(21JR7RA700); 国家自然科学基金面上项目“干旱致灾期作物光、温及CO₂适宜阈值变化特征研究”(42175192)

Response Characteristics of Drought Stress and Its Physiological Regulatory Mechanisms in Spring Wheat Developmental Stages

CHEN Fei¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), ZHAO Hong¹^,²^,³^,⁴, WANG Heling¹^,²^,³^,⁴, YANG Yang¹^,²^,³^,⁴, WANG Runyuan¹^,²^,³^,⁴, ZHANG Kai¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), ZHAO Funian¹^,²^,³^,⁴, QI Yue¹^,²^,³^,⁴, TANG Yurui¹^,²^,³^,⁴, WEI Xingxing¹^,²^,³^,⁴

¹ Institute of Arid Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration/Key Open Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Disaster Reduction of CMA/Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Changing and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730020
² Dingxi Drought Meteorology and Ecological Environment Field Scientific Experimental Station of CMA, Dingxi, Gansu 743000
³ Wuwei National Climate Observatory of China Meteorological Administration, Wuwei, Gansu 733000
⁴ Zhangye National Climate Observatory of China Meteorological Administration, Zhangye, Gansu 734000

Received:2025-01-17 Revised:2025-03-15 Published:2025-11-25 Online:2025-12-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究春小麦发育期对干旱胁迫的响应特征及其生理调控机制，科学应对气候变化挑战，以‘定西新24号’为试验材料，采用曲线拟合与相关分析等方法，分析大田与盆栽两种干旱胁迫条件下土壤水分、作物发育期及生理生态参数的变化特征。结果表明：（1）持续干旱胁迫下，大田小麦的孕穗期、抽穗期和开花期分别缩短1 d、1 d和8 d，乳熟期延长5 d，盆栽小麦抽穗期延长2 d、开花期缩短6 d。（2）基于指数与线性模型构建的土壤水分胁迫因子，可有效模拟干旱胁迫引起的发育期变化。（3）在土壤相对湿度为45%~53%时，光合生理参数与叶片水分指标对大田小麦拔节至开花期的提前呈反向调控效应；当土壤相对湿度低于45%时，二者则协同促进乳熟期提前。对于盆栽小麦孕穗期干旱，各叶片生理指标共同促进抽穗期延长。研究结果可为半干旱区春小麦的干旱动态监测、预测及影响评估提供科学依据。

关键词: 干旱胁迫, 发育期模拟, 土壤水分胁迫因子, 生理调控机制, 春小麦, 物候, 光合参数, 叶水势

Abstract:

To explore the response characteristics of spring wheat developmental stages to drought stress and its physiological regulatory mechanisms, and to scientifically address the challenges posed by climate change, ‘Dingxi New 24’ was selected as experimental material, and methods such as curve fitting and correlation analysis were employed to analyze the change characteristics in soil moisture, crop developmental stages, and physio-ecological parameters under two drought stress conditions: field and pot experiments. The results showed that: (1) under continuous drought stress, the booting, heading, and flowering stages of field wheat were shortened by 1 day, 1 day, and 8 days, respectively, while the milk stage was extended by 5 days. The heading stage of potted wheat was delayed by 2 days, and the flowering stage was shortened by 6 days. (2) The soil moisture stress factor, constructed based on exponential and linear models, could effectively simulate the developmental stages changes caused by drought stress. (3) When the soil relative humidity was between 45% and 53%, the photosynthetic physiological parameters and leaf water status indicators exerted a reverse regulatory effect on the advancement of the jointing-to-flowering stages in field wheat. When the soil relative humidity dropped below 45%, both factors then synergistically promoted an earlier milk stage. For potted wheat subjected to drought starting from the booting stage, all leaf physiological indicators worked together to prolong the heading stage. These findings provide a scientific basis for the dynamic monitoring, prediction, and impact assessment of drought in spring wheat in semi-arid regions.

Key words: drought stress, developmental stages simulation, soil moisture stress factors, physiological regulation mechanism, spring wheat, phenology, photosynthetic parameters, leaf water potential

陈斐, 赵鸿, 王鹤龄, 杨阳, 王润元, 张凯, 赵福年, 齐月, 唐玉瑞, 魏星星. 春小麦发育期的干旱胁迫响应特征及其生理调控机制[J]. 中国农学通报, 2025, 41(33): 14-23.

CHEN Fei, ZHAO Hong, WANG Heling, YANG Yang, WANG Runyuan, ZHANG Kai, ZHAO Funian, QI Yue, TANG Yurui, WEI Xingxing. Response Characteristics of Drought Stress and Its Physiological Regulatory Mechanisms in Spring Wheat Developmental Stages[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(33): 14-23.

图/表 10

图1. 干旱胁迫下大田春小麦发育期的变化

图2. 盆栽春小麦不同时期受旱时发育期的变化

图3. 大田条件下的土壤水分变化以及干旱与对照处理间发育日数的关系

图4. 大田条件下土壤水分胁迫因子f(RSM)随土壤相对湿度RSM的变化

图5. 盆栽条件下不同时期干旱的土壤水分变化以及干旱与对照处理间发育日数的关系

图6. 盆栽条件下不同时期干旱的土壤水分胁迫因子f(RSM)随土壤相对湿度RSM的变化

图7. 大田条件下干旱处理的发育日数变化量与生理指标变化量的关系

发育阶段	∆LWC/%	∆P_n/[μmol/(m²·s)]	∆g_s/[mol/(m²·s)]	∆T_r/[μmol/(m²·s)]	∆C_i/(μmol/mol)
拔节—孕穗	-0.301	0.904^*	0.869	0.905^*	0.842
孕穗—抽穗	-0.07	0.016	0.252	0.22	0.205
抽穗—开花	-0.749	0.659	-0.878	0.344	0.588
开花—乳熟	0.927^**	0.656^*	0.502	0.55^*	-0.686^**
孕穗中期—乳熟	0.927^**	0.744^**	0.407	0.715^**	-0.748^**

表1. 大田条件下干旱处理的发育日数变化量与生理指标变化量的相关分析

图8. 盆栽条件下不同时期干旱的发育日数变化量与生理指标变化量的关系

干旱类型	∆叶片含水率/%	∆叶水势/MPa		∆SPAD			∆P_n /[μmol/(m²·s)]	∆g_s /[mol/(m²·s)]	∆T_r /[μmol/(m²·s)]	∆C_i /(μmol/mol)
干旱类型	∆叶片含水率/%	7:00	11:00	倒1叶	倒2叶	倒3叶	∆P_n /[μmol/(m²·s)]	∆g_s /[mol/(m²·s)]	∆T_r /[μmol/(m²·s)]	∆C_i /(μmol/mol)
孕穗期干旱	-0.782^**	-0.81^**	-0.644^*	-0.824^**	-0.745^**	-0.733^**	-0.636^*	-0.599^*	-0.648*	0.758^**
开花期干旱	0.965^**	0.133	0.714^**	0.331	0.032	0.459	-0.132	-0.202	0.465	-0.486

表2. 盆栽条件下不同时期干旱的发育日数变化量与生理指标变化量的相关分析

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春小麦发育期的干旱胁迫响应特征及其生理调控机制

Response Characteristics of Drought Stress and Its Physiological Regulatory Mechanisms in Spring Wheat Developmental Stages

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