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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (27): 11-20.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0324

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

青海高原小麦杂交后代群体中农艺和种子性状的遗传变异分析

刘树凤1(), 沈吉成2,3, 杨有来1, 刘瑞娟2,3, 陈文杰2,3, 刘德梅2,3()   

  1. 1 青海省互助县农业推广中心,青海海东 810599
    2 中国科学院高原生物适应与进化重点实验室/中国科学院西北高原生物研究所/中国科学院种子创新研究院,西宁 810008
    3 青海省作物分子育种重点实验室,西宁 810008
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-30 修回日期:2025-06-15 出版日期:2025-09-25 发布日期:2025-10-07
  • 通讯作者:
    刘德梅,女,1983年出生,青海贵德人,副研究员,研究生,博士,主要从事小麦分子育种。通信地址:810008青海省西宁市新宁路27号,中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,Tel:0971-6143530,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    刘树凤,女,1972年出生,青海互助人,本科,学士,主要从事小麦育种。通信地址:810599 青海省互助县威远镇北大街15号,青海省互助县农业推广中心,Tel:0972-8322164,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    青海省应用基础研究项目“青海高原春小麦条锈病成株抗性基因的聚合分析”(2022-ZJ-737)

Alien-Derived Progeny Populations of Wheat from Qinghai Plateau: Genetic Variation Analysis of Agronomic and Seed Traits

LIU Shufeng1(), SHEN Jicheng2,3, YANG Youlai1, LIU Ruijuan2,3, CHEN Wenjie2,3, LIU Demei2,3()   

  1. 1 Agricultural Extension Center of Huzhu County, Qinghai Province, Haidong, Qinghai 810599
    2 The Key Laboratory of Plateau Biological Adaptation and Evolution, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008
    3 The Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding in Qinghai Province, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining 810008
  • Received:2025-04-30 Revised:2025-06-15 Published:2025-09-25 Online:2025-10-07

摘要:

为改良青海高原小麦抗病性与产量,以主栽品种‘高原448’为母本、CIMMYT抗病种质‘Mucuy’为父本构建F4遗传群体。系统分析145个家系表明:农艺性状变异丰富,株高、分蘖数、穗长、小穗数和穗粒数变异系数分别为11.67%、54.09%、14.74%、11.58%和27.14%;籽粒性状中粒面积与周长变异达24.54%和9.39%。相关性分析揭示穗粒数与籽粒大小(面积r=0.55、周长r=0.57)及小穗数(r=0.37)呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。主成分分析提取4个主成分(累计贡献率83.117%),其中粒形态指标贡献率46.824%。基于综合隶属函数值筛选出25份优系(综合指数>5.0),结合田间条锈病成株期抗性鉴定,选育出7份兼具‘高原448’高产穗构型(小穗数>16个,穗粒数>44粒)与‘Mucuy’抗病特性的优良品系,本研究为青海小麦抗病高产育种提供新种质和理论支撑。

关键词: 青海高原小麦, CIMMYT春小麦, 高原448, 农艺性状, 籽粒性状, 遗传变异, 优良家系筛选, 综合权重分析

Abstract:

To improve disease resistance and yield of spring wheat in the Qinghai Plateau, an F4 population was constructed using the elite local cultivar 'Gaoyuan 448' as the female parent and the CIMMYT disease-resistant germplasm 'Mucuy' as the male parent. Systematic analysis of 145 families revealed abundant variation in agronomic traits, with coefficients of variation for plant height, tiller number, spike length, spikelet number per spike, and grain number per spike being 11.67%, 54.09%, 14.74%, 11.58%, and 27.14%, respectively; among grain traits, grain area and perimeter showed variations of 24.54% and 9.39%. Correlation analysis indicated highly significant positive correlations (P<0.01) between grain number per spike and grain size traits (area r=0.55, perimeter r=0.57) as well as spikelet number (r=0.37). Principal component analysis extracted four principal components (cumulative contribution rate 83.117%), with grain morphology indicators contributing 46.824%. Based on comprehensive membership function values, 25 elite lines (comprehensive index >5.0) were selected, combining field evaluation for adult-plant resistance to stripe rust, seven lines were developed that integrate the high-yield spike architecture of 'Gaoyuan 448' (with >16 spikelets per spike and >44 grains per spike) and the disease resistance characteristics of 'Mucuy'. This study provides novel germplasm resources and theoretical support for breeding disease-resistant and high-yielding wheat cultivars in Qinghai.

Key words: Qinghai Plateau wheat, CIMMYT spring wheat, 'Gaoyuan 448', agronomic traits, grain traits, genetic variation, superior line selection, comprehensive trait weighting analysis