水产养殖环境中氮循环及其功能微生物研究进展与展望

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0062

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (27): 157-164.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0062

• 水产·渔业 • 上一篇

水产养殖环境中氮循环及其功能微生物研究进展与展望

徐程鹏¹(), 沈烽², 徐慧敏³, 孟顺龙¹^,³(), 宋超¹^,³, 范立民¹^,³, 裘丽萍³, 李丹丹³, 方龙香³, 刘祝萍³, 邴旭文¹^,³

¹ 南京农业大学无锡渔业学院，江苏无锡 214128
² 无锡市水利设计研究院有限公司，江苏无锡 214023
³ 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心/农业部水产品质量安全环境因子风险评估实验室，江苏无锡 214081

收稿日期:2025-01-24 修回日期:2025-06-03 出版日期:2025-09-25 发布日期:2025-10-07
通讯作者:
孟顺龙，男，1982年出生，安徽颍上人，研究员，博士生导师，博士，研究方向：渔业环境保护、水产健康养殖等。通信地址：214128 江苏省无锡市滨湖区薛家里69 号南京农业大学无锡渔业学院，E-mail：mengsl@ffrc.cn。
作者简介:
徐程鹏，男，2001年出生，山东威海人，研究生，研究方向：渔业发展、渔业环境保护。通信地址：214128 江苏省无锡市滨湖区薛家里69号南京农业大学无锡渔业学院，E-mail：969602567@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目“养殖池塘的反硝化厌氧甲烷氧化过程及其微生物机理研究”(32301342); 国家现代农业产业技术体系项目“国家特色淡水鱼产业技术体系”(CARS-46); 中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助“长江渔业生态环境监测与修复创新团队项目”(2023TD18)

Research Progress and Prospect of Nitrogen Cycling and Corresponding Functional Microbes in Aquaculture Environments

XU Chengpeng¹(), SHEN Feng², XU Huimin³, MENG Shunlong¹^,³(), SONG Chao¹^,³, FAN Limin¹^,³, QIU Liping³, LI Dandan³, FANG Longxiang³, LIU Zhuping³, BING Xuwen¹^,³

¹ Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214128
² Wuxi Water Conservancy Designing Institute Co., Ltd., Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023
³ Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Laboratory of Risk Assessment of Environmental Factors for Aquatic Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081

Received:2025-01-24 Revised:2025-06-03 Published:2025-09-25 Online:2025-10-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

微生物驱动的氮循环过程在促进水产养殖系统物质循环、净化养殖水环境、维持生态系统平衡等方面发挥着重要作用。相较自然生态系统，水产养殖系统中氮素的人为输入量较多，氮素的存在形式丰富，氮循环过程及其相关微生物受交错复杂且易波动的环境因素影响与调控。文章阐述了水产养殖环境的生态特征，综述了水产养殖生态系统中固氮、氨化、硝化、反硝化、厌氧氨氧化、异化硝酸盐还原为铵等主要的氮循环过程及其相关微生物类群研究进展，总结了氮循环功能微生物环境影响特征，讨论了水产养殖环境中可能存在的与氮循环过程耦合的其他离子氧化还原反应，最终提出了对养殖环境中氮循环未来研究方向的展望，以期深入了解水产养殖系统中的氮循环过程及其功能微生物，为养殖环境中氮素的净化做出理论贡献。

关键词: 水产养殖, 氮循环, 功能基因丰度, 环境影响

Abstract:

Microbial driven nitrogen cycle processes play a crucial role in promoting material cycling within aquaculture systems, purifying aquaculture water environments, and maintaining ecosystem balance. Compared to natural ecosystems, aquaculture systems receive higher anthropogenic inputs of nitrogen, exhibit a rich diversity of nitrogen forms, and have their nitrogen cycling processes and associated microorganisms influenced and regulated by intertwined, complex, and easily fluctuating environmental factors. This article elucidates the ecological characteristics of aquaculture environments and reviews research progress on the major nitrogen cycle processes, including nitrogen fixation, ammonification, nitrification, denitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) and their associated microbial communities within aquaculture ecosystems. It summarizes the environmental impact characteristics of nitrogen-cycling functional microorganisms. It discusses other potential ion redox reactions coupled with nitrogen cycling processes in aquaculture environments. Finally, the future research directions for the nitrogen cycle in aquaculture environments are prospected. The aim is to deepen the understanding of nitrogen cycling processes and their functional microorganisms in aquaculture systems, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for the purification of nitrogen in aquaculture environments.

Key words: aquaculture, nitrogen cycle, functional gene abundance, environmental impact

徐程鹏, 沈烽, 徐慧敏, 孟顺龙, 宋超, 范立民, 裘丽萍, 李丹丹, 方龙香, 刘祝萍, 邴旭文. 水产养殖环境中氮循环及其功能微生物研究进展与展望[J]. 中国农学通报, 2025, 41(27): 157-164.

XU Chengpeng, SHEN Feng, XU Huimin, MENG Shunlong, SONG Chao, FAN Limin, QIU Liping, LI Dandan, FANG Longxiang, LIU Zhuping, BING Xuwen. Research Progress and Prospect of Nitrogen Cycling and Corresponding Functional Microbes in Aquaculture Environments[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(27): 157-164.

图/表 1

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水产养殖环境中氮循环及其功能微生物研究进展与展望

Research Progress and Prospect of Nitrogen Cycling and Corresponding Functional Microbes in Aquaculture Environments

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