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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2): 71-77.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0555

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

韭菜组织培养和遗传转化研究进展

孙亚玲1(), 张明俊2, 刘青刚3, 舒锐1, 王振宝1, 付在秋1, 霍雨猛1()   

  1. 1 山东省农业科学院蔬菜研究所/农业农村部黄淮设施园艺工程重点实验室/山东省大宗露地蔬菜育种重点实验室, 济南 250100
    2 济南市历城区农业农村事业发展中心, 济南 250100
    3 沂水县沙沟镇农业综合服务中心, 山东沂水 276400
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-30 修回日期:2025-12-24 出版日期:2026-01-25 发布日期:2026-01-22
  • 通讯作者:
    霍雨猛,男,1978年出生,山东曲阜人,研究员,博士,研究方向:葱属蔬菜分子生物学与韭菜遗传育种。通信地址:250100 山东省济南市工业北路23788号 山东省农业科学院蔬菜研究所,Tel:0531-66659215,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    孙亚玲,女,1990年出生,河南范县人,助理研究员,硕士,研究方向:韭菜遗传育种及分子生物学。通信地址:250100 山东省济南市工业北路23788号 山东省农业科学院蔬菜研究所,Tel:0531-66659215,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程科研任务“蔬菜所基础研究任务”(CXGC2025C08); “蔬菜抗病、耐逆育种技术研发及新品种选育”(CXGC2025B20); 2024年农业科技攻关项目“高品质韭菜新品种引进筛选与应用”(GG202404); 国家自然科学基金项目“洋葱雄性不育位点完全连锁基因AcSKP1的功能及互作蛋白的挖掘”(31672165); “洋葱果胶甲酯酶(AcPME)的功能研究”(31201635)

Research Progress on Tissue Culture and Genetic Transformation in Chinese Chive

SUN Yaling1(), ZHANG Mingjun2, LIU Qinggang3, SHU Rui1, WANG Zhenbao1, FU Zaiqiu1, HUO Yumeng1()   

  1. 1 Shandong Key Laboratory of Bulk Open-field Vegetable Breeding/ Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Huang Huai Protected Horticulture Engineering / Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100
    2 Jinan Licheng District Agricultural and Rural Development Center, Jinan 250100
    3 Shagou Town Agricultural Comprehensive Service Center, Yishui County, Yishui, Shandong 276400
  • Received:2025-06-30 Revised:2025-12-24 Published:2026-01-25 Online:2026-01-22

摘要:

针对韭菜生物育种滞后、许多优异基因的功能研究难以取得突破的问题,亟需明确其关键技术基础的组织培养与遗传转化研究的现状与方向。本文综述了国内外30余年韭菜组织培养与遗传转化领域的研究成果,聚焦外植体选择、消毒优化、培养基筛选、植物生长调节剂配比、生根培养、炼苗移栽及遗传转化条件等核心环节。结果发现:(1)韭菜组织培养仍处生物育种的初级阶段,外植体以花轴、根尖为主,MS培养基为常用基础培养基,激素配比以“6-BA+NAA”组合为主;(2)体细胞胚诱导体系薄弱,增殖系数低,遗传转化效率不足,且存在专业术语不规范、产业化应用断层等问题;(3)农杆菌介导法是当前主要转化方法,但尚未培育出转基因品种。综上,术语不规范、再生体系不完善、遗传转化效率低是制约韭菜分子育种的核心瓶颈。笔者提出应通过标准化术语、优化品种特异性再生体系、体细胞胚与遗传转化协同育种、多技术融合创新,破解韭菜分子育种“卡脖子”难题,推动技术产业化应用。

关键词: 韭菜, 组织培养, 再生体系, 遗传转化, 协同育种

Abstract:

To issues of the lag in biological breeding of Chinese chives (Allium tuberosum) and the difficulty in achieving breakthroughs in functional research on many superior genes, there is an urgent need to clarify the current status and future directions of tissue culture and genetic transformation research as the key technological foundation. This paper reviews the domestic and international research achievements over three decades in the field, focusing on key aspects such as explant selection, sterilization optimization, medium screening, plant growth regulator formulation, rooting culture, acclimatization and transplanting, and genetic transformation conditions. It is found that: (1) the current tissue culture of Allium tuberosum remains in the primary stage of biological breeding. The explants are mainly flower axis and root tip, MS medium is commonly used basic medium, and the hormone ratio is mainly ' 6-BA + NAA ' combination. (2) The somatic embryo induction system is weak, the proliferation coefficient is low, the genetic transformation efficiency is insufficient, and there are problems such as non-standard terminology and industrial application faults. (3) Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is currently the main method, but has not yet bred transgenic varieties. In summary, non-standard terminology, imperfect regeneration system and low genetic transformation efficiency are the core bottlenecks restricting the molecular breeding of Allium tuberosum. The authors propose that it is necessary to standardize professional terminology, optimize explant-specific culture conditions by variety, clarify regeneration pathways and summarize the best system, optimize the genetic transformation system, strengthen somatic embryo and genetic transformation synergistic breeding, directionally introduce stress-tolerant and high-quality genes, and surmount the "bottleneck" problem of Allium tuberosum molecular breeding through synergistic innovation of multiple technologies to provide support for technological industrialization.

Key words: Chinese chives, tissue culture, regeneration system, genetic transformation, synergistic breeding