江苏和安徽尾水处理后高温季节中华鳖温棚浮游生物群落结构及多样性变化比较

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0624

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为监测高温季节下标准化池塘改造尾水处理后水质变化，并筛选适宜的尾水处理效果评价指标，本研究于2022年6月至10月对江苏镇江丹徒和安徽淮南谢家集中华鳖养殖温棚的尾水为研究对象，对水质进行跟踪监测，并结合浮游植物、后生浮游动物的群落结构及多样性特征，评价水生态系统健康状况。结果显示，尾水处理系统对镇江丹徒温棚组的COD_Mn，以及淮南谢家集温棚组的TN、NH₃-N、COD_Mn效果较好（但造成TP偏高）。尽管水质有所改善，但处理前后两组水体仍均为Ⅴ类水。两组温棚浮游植物物种数分别为46、39（均可归入16个功能群）。镇江丹徒温棚组的浮游植物种类、功能群密度和生物量均高于淮南谢家集温棚组；Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数呈现相反趋势。优势功能群以M+MP（富营养/超富营养）为主演替为以Lo（广适应性）和J（富营养）为主，且两组温棚显著的环境影响因子分别为TN，COD_Mn和TP。两组温棚后生浮游动物物种数分别为51和76，镇江丹徒温棚组后生浮游动物种类、功能群密度和生物量大小高于淮南谢家集温棚组；Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数相反。两组后生浮游动物主要优势种均为轮虫、枝角和桡足类，与淮南谢家集温棚组后生浮游动物优势功能类群相关的显著环境因子为TSS和COD_Mn，两组轮虫腐殖性指数平均值分别为2.5和1.9。综合来看，浮游植物和后生浮游动物的群落结构特征，特别是其功能群的变化，能够有效反映尾水处理的效果，并可作为评价池塘尾水处理的水生态健康状况的综合指标。

关键词: 浮游植物, 后生浮游动物, 功能类群, 环境因子

Abstract:

To monitor the changes of water quality after wastewater treatment and screen evaluation indicators for wastewater treatment effectiveness in the hot season, water samples of Chinese soft shelled turtle breeding greenhouses from Dantu of Jiangsu and Xiejiaji of Anhui were used as research objects, and the study was conducted from June to October 2022. The water quality was tracked and monitored, and the dominant functional groups of phytoplankton and post planktonic animals were used to evaluate the health status of aquatic ecosystems. The results showed that the tail-water treatment system had a good effect on the COD_Mn of the Dantu greenhouse group and the TN, NH₃-N, and COD_Mn of the Xiejiaji greenhouse group (but caused high TP). Although it improved water quality, it was still classified as Class V water before and after treatment. The number of phytoplankton species in the two greenhouse groups was 46 and 39, respectively (with 16 functional groups). The species, functional group density, and biomass of phytoplankton in the Dantu greenhouse group were higher than those in the Xiejiaji greenhouse group. The Shannon Wiener diversity index, Margalef richness index, and Pielou evenness index were opposite. The dominant functional groups were the M+MP functional group, which represented eutrophic/ultra eutrophic water bodies, replaced by the widely adaptable Lo functional group and the J functional group of eutrophic water bodies. The significant environmental impact factors of the two greenhouse groups were TN, COD_Mn and TP, respectively. The numbers of planktonic animal species in the two greenhouse groups were 51 and 76. The main dominant species of metazoan planktonic animals in two groups were rotifers, branchiopods, and copepods. The significant environmental factors related to the dominant functional groups of metazoan planktonic animals in the Xiejiaji greenhouse group were TSS and COD_Mn. The average humic index of the two groups of rotifers was 2.5 and 1.9. The community structure of phytoplankton and post planktonic animals can be used as water ecological health evaluation indicators for pond effluent treatment.

Key words: phytoplankton, metazoan zooplankton, functional group, environmental factors

中图分类号:

X82环境质量分析与评价

郑尧, 刘婷燕, 徐钢春. 江苏和安徽尾水处理后高温季节中华鳖温棚浮游生物群落结构及多样性变化比较[J]. 中国农学通报, 2026, 42(21): 207-218.

ZHENG Yao, LIU Tingyan, XU Gangchun. Comparison on Changes of Planktonic Community Structure and Diversity in Greenhouse-raised Chinese Soft Shelled Turtles in Hot Season After Wastewater Treatment Between Jiangsu and Anhui Provinces[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2026, 42(21): 207-218.

图/表 11

参考文献 25

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采样区	位点	TN	TP	NH₃-N	COD_Mn
江苏镇江丹徒	A	0.2003	0.4019	0.1819	0.2160
江苏镇江丹徒	D	0.1640	0.3148	0.1922	0.3290
安徽淮南谢家集	A	0.2823	0.2498	0.2279	0.2399
安徽淮南谢家集	D	0.2494	0.2841	0.2451	0.2214

采样区	位点	TN	TP	NH₃-N	COD_Mn
江苏镇江丹徒	A	0.2003	0.4019	0.1819	0.2160
江苏镇江丹徒	D	0.1640	0.3148	0.1922	0.3290
安徽淮南谢家集	A	0.2823	0.2498	0.2279	0.2399
安徽淮南谢家集	D	0.2494	0.2841	0.2451	0.2214

采样区	位点	6月	7月	8月	9月	10月
江苏镇江丹徒	A	73.834	25.829	21.329	12.928	12.928
江苏镇江丹徒	D	23.129	27.529	22.829	22.129	21.229
安徽淮南谢家集	A	/	6.633	7.134	9.336	9.836
安徽淮南谢家集	D	/	5.821	6.032	7.234	6.633

采样区	位点	6月	7月	8月	9月	10月
江苏镇江丹徒	A	73.834	25.829	21.329	12.928	12.928
江苏镇江丹徒	D	23.129	27.529	22.829	22.129	21.229
安徽淮南谢家集	A	/	6.633	7.134	9.336	9.836
安徽淮南谢家集	D	/	5.821	6.032	7.234	6.633

镇江丹徒优势功能群	A	B	C	D	淮南谢家集优势功能群	A	B	C	D
G	0.02	0.06	-	0.04	C	-	0.02	-	-
J	0.03	0.66	0.04	0.64	D	0.05	0.07	0.04	0.05
Lo	-	0.02	-	0.11	F	-	-	0.02	-
M	0.91	0.10	0.65	0.06	G	-	0.12	-	-
MP	-	0.05	0.12	-	G	-	-	0.11	-
P	-	0.05	-	0.03	G	-	-	-	0.10
P	-	-	0.04	-	H1	0.07	-	-	0.13
S2	-	-	-	0.02	H1	-	0.05	-	-
W1	-	0.02	-	-	J	0.27	0.09	0.13	0.10
Y	-	-	0.03	0.04	K	0.19	0.05	0.06	-
					Lo	0.07	0.05	0.10	0.12
					M	0.28	0.27	0.25	-
					MP	-	0.13	0.15	0.34
					P	-	0.08	-	0.06
					S2	-	-	-	0.05
					W1	0.03	0.04	-	-
					X1	0.03	0.03	-	0.05
					Y	-	-	0.04	-
种类数	3	7	5	7	种类数	9	12	9	9