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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (14): 40-45.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0743

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

施肥与种植密度对油菜产量影响的研究综述

姚晓芬1(), 殷辉1, 何德志2, 汪灵燚1, 丛丽娟1, 洪宏3, 胡海珍1, 黄威1, 常海滨1()   

  1. 1 湖北省黄冈市农业科学院, 湖北黄冈 438000
    2 湖北省武穴市农业发展中心, 湖北黄冈 435400
    3 湖北省武穴市职业技术教育中心, 湖北黄冈 435400
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-05 修回日期:2026-03-27 出版日期:2026-07-25 发布日期:2026-07-24
  • 通讯作者:
    常海滨,男,1981年出生,湖北黄冈人,高级农艺师,主要从事油菜栽培及育种方面的研究。E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    姚晓芬,女,1998年出生,山西运城人,硕士研究生,研究方向:油菜栽培及育种。通信地址:438000 湖北省黄冈市黄州区黄州大道89号,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-12)

Review on Effects of Fertilization and Planting Density on Rape Yield

YAO Xiaofen1(), YIN Hui1, HE Dezhi2, WANG Lingyi1, CONG Lijuan1, HONG Hong3, HU Haizhen1, HUANG Wei1, CHANG Haibin1()   

  1. 1 Hubei Huanggang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huanggang, Hubei 438000
    2 Hubei Wuxue Agricultural Development Center, Huanggang, Hubei 435400
    3 Hubei Wuxue Vocational and Technical Education Center, Huanggang, Hubei 435400
  • Received:2025-09-05 Revised:2026-03-27 Published:2026-07-25 Online:2026-07-24

摘要:

施肥与种植密度是影响油菜产量与品质的关键栽培因素。本研究旨在系统梳理施肥和种植密度对油菜产量形成的作用机制与协同效应。基于国内外相关研究,本研究归纳总结氮、磷、钾及微量元素施肥量与种植密度对油菜农艺性状、产量构成及资源利用的影响。研究表明,合理施用氮肥(135~ 270 kg/hm2)、磷肥(45~120 kg/hm2)、钾肥(90~180 kg/hm2)及硼、镁等微量元素,可显著促进油菜生长,提升产量与品质;适宜的种植密度(25万~45万株/hm2)可优化群体结构,提高光能和养分利用效率。施肥量与种植密度的协同调控可进一步发挥油菜的增产潜力,是实现油菜高产高效栽培的重要途径。未来研究应重点关注区域化、精准化的施肥密度适配机制,并加强轻简化栽培技术的研发与推广。

关键词: 肥料施用量, 种植密度, 油菜产量, 协同效应

Abstract:

Fertilization and planting density are the key cultivation factors affecting rapeseed yield. The purpose of this paper is to systematically sort out the mechanism and synergistic effect of fertilization and planting density on rapeseed yield formation. Based on the relevant research at home and abroad, this paper summarizes the effects of fertilization amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements and planting density on the agronomic traits, yield composition and resource utilization of rapeseed. Reasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer (135-270 kg/hm2), phosphorus fertilizer (45-120 kg/hm2), potassium fertilizer (90-180 kg/hm2) and micro-fertilizers such as boron and magnesium can significantly promote the growth of rapeseed and improve its yield and quality. The suitable planting density (250000-450000 plants/hm2) can optimize the population structure and improve the utilization rate of light energy. The synergistic regulation of fertilization and density can further exert the potential of increasing yield. Collaborative optimization of fertilization and planting density is an important way to achieve high yield and high efficiency of rapeseed. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the research on regional adaptation mechanism and simplified cultivation techniques.

Key words: fertilizer application amount, planting density, rapeseed yield, synergistic effect

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