烟草青枯病生物防治技术研究进展

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0833

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (11): 151-156.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0833

烟草青枯病生物防治技术研究进展

田智诚¹(), 陈泽斌¹(), 佘丽娜², 杨嘉欣¹, 潘小梅³, 徐胜光⁴, 范志伟¹, 魏薇¹, 朱再香¹

¹ 昆明学院农学与生命科学学院，昆明 650214
² 昆明学院图书馆，昆明 650214
³ 宜春学院生命科学与资源环境学院，江西宜春 336000
⁴ 云南省高校生物炭工程研究中心，昆明 650214

收稿日期:2025-10-05 修回日期:2026-03-11 出版日期:2026-06-12 发布日期:2026-06-12
通讯作者:
陈泽斌，男，1985年出生，云南昆明人，博士，教授，主要从事烟草连作障碍的成因及消减技术。E-mail：zbchenkmu@163.com。
作者简介:
田智诚，男，2001年出生，在读硕士研究生，主要从事烟草青枯病病害研究。通信地址：650214 云南省昆明市昆明学院农学与生命科学学院，E-mail：3446459199@qq.com。
基金资助:
云南省地方本科高校基础研究联合专项重点项目“苯甲酸降解菌SG12消减草莓连作障碍的作用机理研究”(202401BA070001-004); 昆明市发改委项目(昆明巿春城产业技术领军人才); 云南省“兴滇英才支持计划”—青年人才专项

Research Progress on Biological Control Technology of Tobacco Bacterial Wilt

TIAN Zhicheng¹(), CHEN Zebin¹(), SHE Lina², YANG Jiaxin¹, PAN Xiaomei³, XU Shengguang⁴, FAN Zhiwei¹, WEI Wei¹, ZHU Zaixiang¹

¹ School of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming 650214
² Library of Kunming University, Kunming 650214
³ School of Life Science and Environmental Resources, Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi 336000
⁴ Engineering Research Center for Biochar, High Education institutes in Yunnan, Kunming 650214

Received:2025-10-05 Revised:2026-03-11 Published:2026-06-12 Online:2026-06-12

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究探究高效、环保的烟草青枯病生物防治技术体系，梳理并评估了各类生防手段的应用效果与研究进展，为该病害绿色防控提供科学依据。系统综述了无致病力青枯菌、生防菌、植物免疫诱抗剂、根际微生物调控、生物工程技术及综合生物防治等关键技术，解析其作用机制，并梳理相关田间与盆栽试验的研究结果。研究发现，无致病力青枯菌株，如贝莱斯芽孢杆菌和解淀粉芽孢杆菌，均能显著降低烟草青枯病的发病率。植物免疫诱抗剂可有效激活植物的防御酶活性与抗病基因表达。此外，工程噬菌体、转基因技术等新手段也展现出良好防控效果。综合生防技术不仅有效控制了病害，还能显著促进烟株的生长发育，提升株高、茎围、最大叶长、最大叶宽和叶面积等关键农艺性状。然而，当前生物防治仍面临拮抗菌株定殖效率低、拮抗菌的普适性差、作用机制解析不足以及缺乏系统性解决方案等挑战。为此，本研究提出了一系列应对策略：优化拮抗菌株的性能，开发复合菌剂与增效技术，构建多功能微生物组，整合农业生态调控措施，推广“生物防治+农业措施”模式。最终目标是构建“抑制病原-增强寄主-修复生态”于一体的协同防控体系，以实现烟草青枯病更高效、可持续的防控。

关键词: 烟草, 青枯病, 生物防治, 拮抗, 抗性

Abstract:

This study is dedicated to the exploration of a highly efficient and environmentally benign biological control system targeting tobacco bacterial wilt, with a comprehensive assessment of the efficacy and research advancements across diverse biocontrol methodologies, thereby offering a robust scientific underpinning for the green management of this disease. The research undertakes a systematic review of key strategies, encompassing attenuated Ralstonia solanacearum strains, antagonistic microorganisms, plant immune elicitors, rhizosphere microbial modulation, bioengineering technologies, and integrated biological control approaches, while meticulously elucidating their mechanisms of action and summarizing findings from both field and pot-based experimental trials. The investigation reveals that attenuated pathogen strains, along with Bacillus velezensis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, can markedly reduce disease prevalence; meanwhile, plant immune elicitors effectively activate plant defense enzyme activity and upregulate resistance gene expression. Additionally, cutting-edge approaches such as engineered bacteriophages and transgenic technologies have shown significant promise in disease mitigation, and integrated biocontrol strategies have been demonstrated to enhance the overall growth of tobacco plants, leading to improvements in plant height, stem girth, maximum leaf length and width, as well as leaf area. However, current biological control still faces challenges such as the suboptimal colonization efficiency of antagonistic strains, restricted universality of antagonists, insufficient mechanistic understanding, and the absence of systematic solutions. Therefore, the study proposes targeted recommendations: optimizing the performance of antagonistic strains, developing composite microbial agents and synergistic technologies, constructing multifunctional microbiomes, integrating agroecological regulation measures, and promoting the "biocontrol + agricultural measures" paradigm. These efforts aim to establish a synergistic prevention and control system characterized by "pathogen suppression, host enhancement, and ecological restoration," ultimately achieving more efficient and sustainable management of tobacco bacterial wilt.

Key words: tobacco, bacterial wilt, biological control, antagonism, resistance

中图分类号:

S476

田智诚, 陈泽斌, 佘丽娜, 杨嘉欣, 潘小梅, 徐胜光, 范志伟, 魏薇, 朱再香. 烟草青枯病生物防治技术研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2026, 42(11): 151-156.

TIAN Zhicheng, CHEN Zebin, SHE Lina, YANG Jiaxin, PAN Xiaomei, XU Shengguang, FAN Zhiwei, WEI Wei, ZHU Zaixiang. Research Progress on Biological Control Technology of Tobacco Bacterial Wilt[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2026, 42(11): 151-156.

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Research Progress on Biological Control Technology of Tobacco Bacterial Wilt

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