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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (12): 86-93.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-1013

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同抗裂果剂对设施促早栽培甜樱桃‘美早’裂果防控效应研究

王飞1(), 段续伟2, 仝雅娜1, 吴传宝2, 杨映红3, 王发明4, 杨丽芳1()   

  1. 1 天津市农业科学院, 天津 300384
    2 北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所, 北京 100093
    3 天水市果树研究所, 甘肃天水 741002
    4 滨州市惠民县农技推广中心, 山东滨州 251700
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-15 修回日期:2026-05-16 出版日期:2026-06-25 发布日期:2026-06-23
  • 通讯作者:
    杨丽芳,女,1980年出生,天津人,副研究员,硕士,主要从事果树栽培育种研究。通信地址:300384 天津市西青区天津市农业科学院林业果树研究所,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    王飞,男,1989年出生,山东聊城人,助理研究员,博士,研究方向:果树栽培育种。通信地址:300384 天津市西青区天津市农业科学院林业果树研究所,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    天津市科技计划项目“甜樱桃设施促早栽培防裂果技术研究应用”(24ZYCGSN00310); 天津市林果现代农业产业技术体系(ITTHRS2021000); 甘肃省科技计划项目“甜樱桃设施促早栽培关键技术提升与示范”(23CXNE0021)

Research on Control Effects of Different Anti-cracking Agents on Fruit Cracking in Facility-cultivated ‘Tieton’ Sweet Cherry

WANG Fei1(), DUAN Xuwei2, TONG Yana1, WU Chuanbao2, YANG Yinghong3, WANG Faming4, YANG Lifang1()   

  1. 1 Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300384
    2 Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100093
    3 Tianshui Institute of Pomology, Tianshui, Gansu 741002
    4 Huimin Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Binzhou, Shandong 251700
  • Received:2026-01-15 Revised:2026-05-16 Published:2026-06-25 Online:2026-06-23

摘要:

旨在探究设施促早栽培中甜樱桃的最佳抗裂果剂组合施用配比。以甜樱桃品种‘美早’为试材,设置了包括有机流体钙、聚谷神丰、赤霉酸(GA3)和海养素等多种抗裂果剂的7个不同组合配比处理(T1~T7),以清水喷施为对照(CK),研究了喷施不同抗裂果剂后,设施促早栽培‘美早’甜樱桃果实性状、细胞壁物质、酶活性的响应。结果表明:防裂果剂处理显著提高了‘美早’樱桃的原果胶和纤维素含量,增强了细胞壁结构稳定性,从而显著降低了裂果发生率。但在实际应用中需注意施用浓度和配比,其中以聚谷神丰300倍液配合30 mg/L GA3(T4处理)的防裂效果最为显著。聚谷神丰300倍液配合海养素100倍液(T5处理)施用的综合果品最优。同时,研究还发现,经抗裂果剂处理后,‘美早’樱桃的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著高于CK,而过氧化物酶(POD)活性则较低。这种外源调控有助于维持POD/SOD/CAT酶系统的动态平衡,进而保持细胞壁的可塑性与细胞膜系统的完整性,最终实现裂果率的有效控制。此外,施用有机流体钙和聚谷神丰,均能提高设施栽培‘美早’樱桃的维生素C含量,其中聚谷神丰与海养素共同施用时提升效果最佳。综上,GA3海养素与聚谷神丰的合理搭配施用可有效降低‘美早’樱桃的裂果率,并对果实品质有显著提升作用,为设施促早栽培甜樱桃的裂果防控提供了科学依据和实践指导。

关键词: 甜樱桃, 设施促早, 裂果, 果实性状, 细胞壁代谢

Abstract:

To identify the optimal anti-cracking agents formulation for sweet cherry under protected early cultivation, taking the cultivar ‘Tieton’ as the test material, 7 treatment groups (T1-T7) involving different combinations of organic fluid calcium, water-soluble fertilizers (formerly Jugu shenfeng), gibberellic acid (GA3), and plant element-rich nutrient solution (formerly Haiyangsu) were set up, with water spray as the control (CK). The responses of fruit characteristics, cell wall materials, and enzyme activities to these foliar applications were investigated. The results showed that these treatments significantly increased the protopectin and cellulose content, thereby enhancing cell wall stability and further reducing the incidence of fruit cracking. However, the application concentration required careful consideration. The most effective treatment was a 300-fold dilution of water-soluble fertilizers combined with 30 mg/L GA3 (T4); the combined application of a 300-fold dilution of water-soluble fertilizers and a 100-fold dilution of plant element-rich nutrient solution (T5) resulted in the optimal overall fruit quality. Furthermore, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in treated fruits were significantly higher than that in the control, while peroxidase (POD) activity was lower. This exogenous regulation was helpful to maintain the dynamic balance of the POD/SOD/CAT enzyme system, preserving cell wall plasticity and membrane integrity, which ultimately contributed to effective crack control. In addition, the application of either organic fluid calcium or water-soluble fertilizers increased the vitamin C content in the fruits, with the most pronounced effect observed when water-soluble fertilizers and plant element-rich nutrient solution were applied together. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that the combined application of GA3, plant element-rich nutrient solution, and water-soluble fertilizers effectively reduce the fruit-cracking rate of ‘Tieton’, and significantly improve the fruit quality, which provides scientific basis and practical guidance for the prevention and control of fruit cracking in facility early cultivation of sweet cherries..

Key words: sweet cherry, facility early-forcing cultivation, fruit cracking, fruit traits, cell wall metabolism

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