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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (18): 55-61.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2026-0223

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同灌水定额对洱海流域紫叶莴苣生长和产量的影响

李瑞洁1(), 梁威1, 陈丽红1,2, 王树仿1,2(), 宋鸣镝1   

  1. 1 云南农业大学水利学院， 昆明 650201
    2 云南农业大学云南省高校绿色智慧农田与碳排放工程研究中心， 昆明 650201
  • 收稿日期:2026-03-23 修回日期:2026-06-30 出版日期:2026-09-25 发布日期:2026-09-24
  • 通讯作者:
    王树仿，男，1984年出生，山东济宁人，讲师，硕士生导师，博士，研究方向：农业水土工程。通信地址：650201 云南省昆明市盘龙区沣源路452号 云南省昆明市盘龙区云南农业大学（水利学院），E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    李瑞洁，女，2004年出生，云南嵩明人，在读本科，研究方向：农业水利工程。通信地址：650201 云南省昆明市北市区沣源路452号 云南省昆明市盘龙区云南农业大学（水利学院），E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    云南基础研究计划基础研究专项面上项目“云南农业旱涝急转时空演变及其对玉米产量的影响机制”(202401AT070290)

Effects of Different Irrigation Quotas on Growth and Yield of Purple Leaf Lettuce in Erhai Lake Basin

LI Ruijie1(), LIANG Wei1, CHEN Lihong1,2, WANG Shufang1,2(), SONG Mingdi1   

  1. 1 College of Water Resources, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201
    2 Yunnan Green and Smart Farmland and Carbon Emission Engineering Research Center, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201
  • Received:2026-03-23 Revised:2026-06-30 Published:2026-09-25 Online:2026-09-24

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摘要：

针对洱海流域覆膜起垄种植紫叶莴苣的条件，本研究设置不同的梯度灌水定额，探究其对紫叶莴苣生长发育及产量构成的影响，以期为提升水分利用效率提供理论支持。采用水肥一体化自动化智能灌溉系统，以灌溉定额作为核心调控因子，在紫叶莴苣关键生育期实施精准的水分管理。试验设定当地常规沟灌为对照组(CK)，在此基础上，设置4个不同滴灌梯度灌水定额的处理组：W1(T)、W2(0.8 T)、W3(0.6 T)、W4(0.4 T)。结果表明：灌水定额对紫叶莴苣的根长、株高均有显著影响(P<0.05)，其中，W2处理下的紫叶莴苣植株整体长势最为协调，生长状态良好；W2处理下紫叶莴苣的产量最高，为0.466 t/hm2，较CK处理增长21.62%，W1处理次之，为0.455 t/hm2。从水分利用效率角度考量，W2处理与W1处理为优选方案，能够实现较高的水分利用效率。W4处理的灌水定额过低，不利于紫叶莴苣的生长。综上，从莴苣的生长状况、产量表现以及耗水情况等方面综合考虑，推荐W2处理（基追比3:7，灌水定额0.8 T）作为洱海流域莴苣种植的最佳灌溉模式。

关键词: 灌水定额, 紫叶莴苣, 生长状态, 产量, 洱海流域

Abstract:

The study aims to investigate the effects of gradient irrigation quotas on the growth and yield of purple leaf lettuce under plastic mulching and ridge planting in the Erhai Lake Basin, and to provide a theoretical basis for improving water use efficiency. During the critical growth period of purple leaf lettuce, precise water and fertilizer regulation was conducted using an integrated intelligent irrigation system. Irrigation quota was set as the core experimental factor. Local conventional furrow irrigation was used as the control group (CK), and 4 drip irrigation treatments with gradient irrigation quotas were designed: W1 (T), W2 (0.8 T), W3 (0.6 T), and W4 (0.4 T). The results showed that the irrigation quota had a significant effect on the root length and plant height of purple lettuce (P<0.05). Plants under the W2 treatment exhibited relatively coordinated overall growth. The maximum yield of purple-leaf lettuce was obtained under the W2 treatment, at 0.466 t/hm2, an increase of 21.62% compared to CK, followed by W1 treatment, at 0.455 t/hm2. From the perspective of water use efficiency, W2 treatment and W1 treatment were the preferred options, and W4 treatment was not suitable for the growth of purple leaf lettuce. In conclusion, taking into account the growth status, yield, and water consumption of purple leaf lettuce, the W2 treatment (base-to-cover ratio 3:7, irrigation quota of 0.8 T) is recommended as the optimal irrigation regime for purple leaf lettuce production in the Erhai Lake Basin.

Key words: irrigation quota, purple leaf lettuce, growth status, yield, Erhai Lake Basin

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