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中国农学通报 ›› 2010, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (17): 326-330.

所属专题: 现代农业发展与乡村振兴

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

河北太行山山前平原灌区发展半旱地农业可行性探讨

刘佳嘉 冯浩   

  • 收稿日期:2010-04-28 修回日期:2010-06-08 出版日期:2010-09-05 发布日期:2010-09-05
  • 基金资助:

    中国工程院农业学部黄淮海地区农业节水对策及实施半旱地农业可行性研究

Study on the Feasibility of Semi-dryland Farming in the Irrigation Area of Taihang Piedmont

  • Received:2010-04-28 Revised:2010-06-08 Online:2010-09-05 Published:2010-09-05

摘要:

太行山山前平原是河北粮食主产区,农业用水紧缺,主要靠超采地下水维持农业生产。如何在保持一定粮食产量的基础上,减少大量灌溉用水,是未来节水农业发展所面临的主要问题。山仑提出,可在黄淮海地区发展半旱地农业以减少灌溉用水,缓解当地水资源短缺危机。半旱地农业是在运用旱作技术,充分利用自然降水的基础上,进行少量水补充灌溉的农业类型。主要由雨养、旱作和补充灌溉3方面内容构成,重点在于对降雨资源的充分利用以及旱作节水技术同灌溉节水技术的有效结合。以冬小麦夏玉米为代表作物,从雨养、旱作及补充灌溉3方面出发,探讨了河北太行山山前平原区实施半旱地农业的可行性。得出在河北太行山山前平原降水量400mm左右的冬小麦夏玉米种植区,充分发挥作物自身抗旱耐旱特性,通过减少无效蒸发量,在作物生长关键时期补充一定的灌水量,基本能满足作物对水分的需求,维持正常产量和较高的水分利用效率。山前平原区实施半旱地农业,在运用旱作技术充分利用自然降水的基础上进行少量水补充灌溉,大量减少农业灌溉用水,在理论和实践上应该是可行的,值得进一步探索和实践。

关键词: 烤烟, 烤烟, 温度控制, 湿度控制, 品质

Abstract:

Taihang Piedmont is the major grain producing areas of Hebei province, where the agricultural water is very short and mainly by excessive extraction of groundwater to maintain agricultural production. How to keep a certain basis of food production and reduce a large number of irrigation water is the main problems of water saving agriculture development in the future. Shan Lun indicated that semi-dryland farming could be developed in the Huanghuaihai Region to solve this questions. Semi-dryland farming is a new type of water saving agriculture, which is based on the dry land farming techniques, making full use of the precipitation and offering some supplemental irrigation. It is composed of rainfed, dry farming and supplemental irrigation. The main point is combining the dry land farming techniques and the water saving techniques and making full use of the precipitation. We discuss the feasibility of implementing semi-dryland faming in the Taihang Piedmont on the three aspects. And we find that in the winter wheat and summer maize growing areas of Taihang Piedmont, where the rainfall is about 400mm, some supplementary irrigation could basically meet the crop water requirement and keep the normal grain yields and a much higher WUE, which is based on the properties of crop drought resistance and decreasing the invalid evaporation. It is feasible to reduce the agriculture irrigation water in the piedmont region of Taihang Mountain in theory and in practice, which is based on the full utilization of rainfall and supplement irrigation.