哈尼梯田水稻农家品种遗传多样性的原生境保护研究进展

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191100820

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以元阳哈尼梯田水稻农家品种种植现状为例,回顾了现有的关于元阳哈尼梯田水稻农家品种遗传多样性的研究,包括表型遗传多样性和基因遗传多样性;归纳了元阳哈尼梯田原生境保护下生态环境对水稻品种遗传多样性的影响,主要包括地理条件影响和生物因素影响;总结了元阳当地传统知识和文化对元阳哈尼梯田水稻农家品种遗传多样性的影响;探究了原生境保护水稻农家品种的优越性。研究旨在为水稻农家品种及相关农家作物资源的保护工作提供科学依据。

关键词: 元阳哈尼梯田, 农家品种, 遗传多样性, 原生境保护, 人文因素

Abstract:

Taking the current situation of rice landrace in Yuanyang terrace rice fields as an example, the genetic diversity of phenotype and molecule of rice landraces, the effects of ecological environment under in-situ conservation, mainly including geographical conditions and biological factors and the influence of local traditional knowledge and culture on the diversity of rice landrace in Yuanyang County were reviewed. The superiority of protecting rice varieties under in-situ conservation was explored to provide a scientific basis for the protection of rice landraces and related agricultural crop resources.

Key words: Yuanyang terrace rice field, landrace, genetic diversity, in-situ conservation, humanistic factors

中图分类号:

S511

何柳, 宋英杰, 龙春林. 哈尼梯田水稻农家品种遗传多样性的原生境保护研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2020, 36(10): 87-94.

Liu He, Yingjie Song, Chunlin Long. Genetic Diversity of Rice Landraces in Yuanyang Hani Terraced Rice Fields Under In-situ Conservation: Research Progress[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2020, 36(10): 87-94.

图/表 2

参考文献 58

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性状	样品数/个	平均值±标准值	最小值	最大值	极差	变异系数/%	参考文献
播抽历期	135	146.0±8.094	129.50	162.00	32.50	5.50	[26]
株高/cm	135	137.8±22.588	69.50	179.60	110.10	16.40	[26]
分蘖数	135	5.5±1.219	3.30	8.90	5.60	22.00	[26]
剑叶长/mm	135	36.4±4.281	24.60	45.70	21.10	11.80	[26]
剑叶宽/mm	135	1.49±0.176	1.10	2.00	0.90	11.80	[26]
伸长节间数	111	4.35±0.55	3.13	5.75	2.62	12.62	[27]
一次枝梗数	111	12.42±1.54	7.75	16.50	8.75	12.40	[27]
二次枝梗数	111	34.78±5.79	20.00	50.75	30.75	16.63	[27]
穗长/cm	135	24.7±1.854	20.20	30.20	10.00	7.50	[26]
穗颈长/cm	135	5.70±5.111	-5.80	15.50	21.30	89.70	[26]
穗下节长	135	38.9±6.632	19.20	52.20	33.00	17.00	[26]
每穗总粒数	135	178.7±34.534	99.00	252.10	153.10	19.30	[26]
每穗实粒数	135	132.1±38.332	13.90	203.50	189.60	29.00	[26]
结实率/%	135	73.5±15.9	9.50	91.10	81.60	21.60	[26]
千粒重/g	135	24.6±2.439	19.70	31.60	11.90	9.90	[26]
粒长/mm	135	8.30±0.69	6.50	9.60	3.10	8.30	[26]
粒宽/mm	135	3.32±0.23	2.90	3.90	0.10	7.10	[26]
谷粒长宽比	135	2.52±0.331	1.70	3.10	1.30	13.20	[26]
粒厚/mm	135	2.21±0.009	2.03	2.40	0.37	13.20	[26]
落粒性	135	7.7±1.326	3.00	9.00	6.00	17.30	[26]
谷粒形状	135	4.6±1.099	1.00	7.00	6.00	23.80	[26]
种皮色	135	1.6±0.637	1.00	5.00	4.00	34.70	[26]
剑叶角度	135	1.8±0.962	1.00	5.90	4.90	53.50	[26]
穗立形状	135	6.6±1.919	1.00	9.00	8.00	29.20	[26]
颖色	135	1.2±0.504	1.00	4.50	3.50	40.50	[26]
表观直链淀粉含量/%	111	18.23±8.85	1.31	39.69	38.38	48.69	[27]
胶稠度/mm	111	78.85±24.82	30.00	128.00	98.00	32.20	[27]
热焓值/(J/g)	111	8.20±1.09	5.87	11.64	5.77	13.30	[27]
起始温度/℃	111	69.96±3.32	62.30	76.80	14.50	4.73	[27]
峰值温度/℃	111	75.02±2.58	66.90	81.00	14.10	3.43	[27]
峰值粘度/cP	111	2788.52±639.09	1,085.00	3,780.00	2,695.00	22.92	[27]
热浆粘度/cP	111	1997.11±603.07	683.00	2,780.00	2,097.00	30.20	[27]
崩解值/cP	111	791.41±328.58	251.00	1,945.00	1,694.00	41.52	[27]
冷胶粘度/cP	111	3181.32±1040.62	910.00	4,319.00	3,409.00	32.71	[27]
消减值/cP	111	1184.22±480.18	221.00	1,899.00	1,678.00	40.55	[27]
平均值	127.46	—	—	—	—	23.26

性状	样品数/个	平均值±标准值	最小值	最大值	极差	变异系数/%	参考文献
播抽历期	135	146.0±8.094	129.50	162.00	32.50	5.50	[26]
株高/cm	135	137.8±22.588	69.50	179.60	110.10	16.40	[26]
分蘖数	135	5.5±1.219	3.30	8.90	5.60	22.00	[26]
剑叶长/mm	135	36.4±4.281	24.60	45.70	21.10	11.80	[26]
剑叶宽/mm	135	1.49±0.176	1.10	2.00	0.90	11.80	[26]
伸长节间数	111	4.35±0.55	3.13	5.75	2.62	12.62	[27]
一次枝梗数	111	12.42±1.54	7.75	16.50	8.75	12.40	[27]
二次枝梗数	111	34.78±5.79	20.00	50.75	30.75	16.63	[27]
穗长/cm	135	24.7±1.854	20.20	30.20	10.00	7.50	[26]
穗颈长/cm	135	5.70±5.111	-5.80	15.50	21.30	89.70	[26]
穗下节长	135	38.9±6.632	19.20	52.20	33.00	17.00	[26]
每穗总粒数	135	178.7±34.534	99.00	252.10	153.10	19.30	[26]
每穗实粒数	135	132.1±38.332	13.90	203.50	189.60	29.00	[26]
结实率/%	135	73.5±15.9	9.50	91.10	81.60	21.60	[26]
千粒重/g	135	24.6±2.439	19.70	31.60	11.90	9.90	[26]
粒长/mm	135	8.30±0.69	6.50	9.60	3.10	8.30	[26]
粒宽/mm	135	3.32±0.23	2.90	3.90	0.10	7.10	[26]
谷粒长宽比	135	2.52±0.331	1.70	3.10	1.30	13.20	[26]
粒厚/mm	135	2.21±0.009	2.03	2.40	0.37	13.20	[26]
落粒性	135	7.7±1.326	3.00	9.00	6.00	17.30	[26]
谷粒形状	135	4.6±1.099	1.00	7.00	6.00	23.80	[26]
种皮色	135	1.6±0.637	1.00	5.00	4.00	34.70	[26]
剑叶角度	135	1.8±0.962	1.00	5.90	4.90	53.50	[26]
穗立形状	135	6.6±1.919	1.00	9.00	8.00	29.20	[26]
颖色	135	1.2±0.504	1.00	4.50	3.50	40.50	[26]
表观直链淀粉含量/%	111	18.23±8.85	1.31	39.69	38.38	48.69	[27]
胶稠度/mm	111	78.85±24.82	30.00	128.00	98.00	32.20	[27]
热焓值/(J/g)	111	8.20±1.09	5.87	11.64	5.77	13.30	[27]
起始温度/℃	111	69.96±3.32	62.30	76.80	14.50	4.73	[27]
峰值温度/℃	111	75.02±2.58	66.90	81.00	14.10	3.43	[27]
峰值粘度/cP	111	2788.52±639.09	1,085.00	3,780.00	2,695.00	22.92	[27]
热浆粘度/cP	111	1997.11±603.07	683.00	2,780.00	2,097.00	30.20	[27]
崩解值/cP	111	791.41±328.58	251.00	1,945.00	1,694.00	41.52	[27]
冷胶粘度/cP	111	3181.32±1040.62	910.00	4,319.00	3,409.00	32.71	[27]
消减值/cP	111	1184.22±480.18	221.00	1,899.00	1,678.00	40.55	[27]
平均值	127.46	—	—	—	—	23.26

品种	引物数	等位基因数(Na)	有效等位基因数(Ne)	预期杂合度(Nei)	香农指数(I)	参考文献
红脚老粳	24	3.17	1.762	0.361	0.591	[32]
白脚老粳	24	4.08	1.474	0.240	0.472	[35]
月亮谷	48	2.38	1.826	0.640	0.640	[24]
Dalaogeng	13	2.23	1.341	0.174	0.326	[34]
Huangnuogu	13	2.15	1.291	0.187	0.333	[34]
Yaduogu	13	3.00	1.846	0.307	0.582	[34]
Huagu	13	3.54	1.342	0.207	0.445	[34]
Lengshuigu	13	3.15	1.392	0.249	0.474	[34]
Jiuyuenuo	13	2.46	1.187	0.144	0.281	[34]
Xiangnuogu	13	2.38	1.378	0.185	0.342	[34]
平均值	18.7	2.85	1.484	0.269	0.449

品种	引物数	等位基因数(Na)	有效等位基因数(Ne)	预期杂合度(Nei)	香农指数(I)	参考文献
红脚老粳	24	3.17	1.762	0.361	0.591	[32]
白脚老粳	24	4.08	1.474	0.240	0.472	[35]
月亮谷	48	2.38	1.826	0.640	0.640	[24]
Dalaogeng	13	2.23	1.341	0.174	0.326	[34]
Huangnuogu	13	2.15	1.291	0.187	0.333	[34]
Yaduogu	13	3.00	1.846	0.307	0.582	[34]
Huagu	13	3.54	1.342	0.207	0.445	[34]
Lengshuigu	13	3.15	1.392	0.249	0.474	[34]
Jiuyuenuo	13	2.46	1.187	0.144	0.281	[34]
Xiangnuogu	13	2.38	1.378	0.185	0.342	[34]
平均值	18.7	2.85	1.484	0.269	0.449