不同基因型芥菜对5种重金属累积差异性研究

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0757

中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (26): 40-49.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0757

所属专题：生物技术；土壤重金属污染

不同基因型芥菜对5种重金属累积差异性研究

弭宝彬¹(), 刘碧琼², 戴雄泽¹, 肖伟¹, 张竹青¹, 周火强¹(), 汪端华¹()

¹湖南省农业科学院蔬菜研究所,长沙 410125
²湖南农业大学研究生院,长沙 410128

收稿日期:2020-12-07 修回日期:2021-03-05 出版日期:2021-09-15 发布日期:2021-09-30
通讯作者: 周火强,汪端华
作者简介:弭宝彬,男,1987年出生,山东德州人,助理研究员,博士,主要从事蔬菜重金属安全性评价方面的研究。通信地址：410125 湖南省长沙市芙蓉区远大二路892号,Tel：0731-84697820,E-mail： mibaobin@hunaas.cn。
基金资助:
“应急蔬菜标准化生产技术研究与示范“(2020CX19);食用作物安全性评价课题;国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系试验站站长“长沙综合试验站”(CARS-23-G-29);长沙市科技计划项目(kq1706024)

The Accumulation of Five Heavy Metals in Different Genotypes of Brassica juncea

Mi Baobin¹(), Liu Biqiong², Dai Xiongze¹, Xiao Wei¹, Zhang Zhuqing¹, Zhou Huoqiang¹(), Wang Duanhua¹()

¹Research Institute of Vegetables, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125
²Graduate School, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128

Received:2020-12-07 Revised:2021-03-05 Online:2021-09-15 Published:2021-09-30
Contact: Zhou Huoqiang,Wang Duanhua

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探究不同基因型芥菜对镉(Cd)、砷(As)、铅(Pb)、汞(Hg)和铬(Cr) 5种重金属的累积差异性,为芥菜在重金属复合污染地区生产的安全性提供指导。通过盆栽试验研究9种不同基因型芥菜对5种重金属复合污染的响应差异,并结合重金属富集系数和转运系数以及单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法综合评价芥菜在重金属污染区的生产安全性。结果表明：芥菜具有较强的茎/叶重金属转运能力,重金属主要累积在芥菜根及叶中。芥菜不同部位重金属Cd的单项污染指数普遍较高且存在较大的品种差异。Pb、As、Hg和Cr污染指数呈现趋势类似,品种及不同部位间差异不明显。供试品种中‘五四青丕蓝’、‘脆嫩儿菜’、‘特大棒菜’、‘抗热四季甜竹芥’为较好的重金属低累积芥菜品种。芥菜对重金属的累积有基因型差异和重金属种类差异,通过筛选不同基因型芥菜可以获得生产上较为安全的品种。

关键词: 芥菜, 重金属, 基因型, 累积差异, 富集系数, 转运系数, 安全性评估

Abstract:

The study aims to investigate the accumulation difference of five heavy metals: cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg) and chromium (Cr) in different genotypes of brassica juncea, and to provide guidance on the production safety of brassica juncea in areas with complex contamination of heavy metals. Combining the heavy metal biological concentration factor and transfer factor with the single-factor contamination index method, as well as the Nemero integrated contamination method, the responses of nine different genotypes of brassica juncea to the five heavy metals were investigated in pot experiments to comprehensively evaluate the production safety of brassica juncea in heavy metal contaminated areas. The results show that Brassica juncea has strong ability to transfer heavy metals from stem to leaf, and heavy metals are mainly accumulated in the roots and leaves of brassica juncea. The individual contamination index of heavy metal Cd in different parts of brassica juncea is generally high and has large varietal difference. The contamination indexes between Pb, As, Hg and Cr show similar trend, and the differences between species and parts are not obvious. Among the varieties tested, ‘Wusiqingpeilan’, ‘Cuinengercai’, ‘Tedabangcai’ and ‘Kangresijitianzhujie’ are better brassica juncea varieties with ower heavy metal accumulation capacity. The accumulation of heavy metal in brassica juncea is related to genotype and heavy metal species, and it is feasible to select brassica juncea varieties with low accumulation of heavy metals which can be used for planting in heavy metal contaminated fields.

Key words: Brassica juncea, heavy metal, genotype, cumulative difference, biological concentration factor, transfer factor, safety assessment

中图分类号:

S637

弭宝彬, 刘碧琼, 戴雄泽, 肖伟, 张竹青, 周火强, 汪端华. 不同基因型芥菜对5种重金属累积差异性研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2021, 37(26): 40-49.

Mi Baobin, Liu Biqiong, Dai Xiongze, Xiao Wei, Zhang Zhuqing, Zhou Huoqiang, Wang Duanhua. The Accumulation of Five Heavy Metals in Different Genotypes of Brassica juncea[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(26): 40-49.

图/表 12

参考文献 34

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品名	类型	编号	品名	类型	编号	品名	类型	编号
五四青丕蓝	根芥	J1	特大棒菜	茎芥	J4	大头菜	榨菜	J7
细叶雪里蕻	叶芥	J2	抗热四季甜竹芥	茎芥	J5	三胞心青菜	叶芥	J8
脆嫩儿菜	茎芥	J3	香港白花柳叶芥兰	叶芥	J6	佳园菊花菜	叶芥	J9

品名	类型	编号	品名	类型	编号	品名	类型	编号
五四青丕蓝	根芥	J1	特大棒菜	茎芥	J4	大头菜	榨菜	J7
细叶雪里蕻	叶芥	J2	抗热四季甜竹芥	茎芥	J5	三胞心青菜	叶芥	J8
脆嫩儿菜	茎芥	J3	香港白花柳叶芥兰	叶芥	J6	佳园菊花菜	叶芥	J9

重金属类型	镉Cd	铅Pb	铬Cr	汞Hg	砷As
测试土壤	3.478	131.7	63.9	0.26	79.0
国标限量(GB 15618—2008)	0.25	50	120	0.20	35

重金属类型	镉Cd	铅Pb	铬Cr	汞Hg	砷As
测试土壤	3.478	131.7	63.9	0.26	79.0
国标限量(GB 15618—2008)	0.25	50	120	0.20	35

组织部位	镉Cd	铅Pb	铬Cr	汞Hg	砷As
芥菜根	0.05	0.10	0.50	0.01	0.50
芥菜茎	0.10	0.10	0.50	0.01	0.50
芥菜叶	0.20	0.30	0.50	0.01	0.50

不同基因型芥菜对5种重金属累积差异性研究

The Accumulation of Five Heavy Metals in Different Genotypes of Brassica juncea

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部位	指标	Cd	Cr	Hg	Pb	As
芥菜根	平均值/(mg/kg)	27.89	0.57	0.40	5.63	0.89
	最大值/(mg/kg)	134.99	1.15	1.29	12.44	2.51
	最小值/(mg/kg)	3.27	0.09	0.06	1.05	0.11
	标准差/%	43.64	0.39	0.37	4.69	0.86
	变异系数Cv/%	156.51	68.46	92.33	83.32	96.76
	超标率/%	100.00	22.22	11.11	100.00	33.33
芥菜茎	平均值/(mg/kg)	9.48	0.08	0.18	0.51	0.08
	最大值/(mg/kg)	60.14	0.19	0.43	1.03	0.37
	最小值/(mg/kg)	0.78	0.03	0.08	0.17	0.00
	标准差/%	19.13	0.07	0.11	0.26	0.11
	变异系数Cv/%	201.93	78.08	59.41	51.80	136.85
	超标率/%	88.89	0.00	0.00	11.11	0.00
芥菜叶	平均值/(mg/kg)	6.97	0.31	0.42	1.34	0.27
	最大值/(mg/kg)	33.75	0.76	1.27	3.81	1.13
	最小值/(mg/kg)	0.82	0.06	0.14	0.40	0.00
	标准差/%	10.91	0.22	0.35	1.15	0.33
	变异系数Cv/%	156.51	69.43	83.14	86.04	123.88
	超标率/%	77.78	0.00	11.11	33.33	11.11
土壤浓度	背景值/(mg/kg)	3.48	63.90	0.26	131.70	79.00
土壤浓度	标准值/(mg/kg)	0.25	120.00	0.20	50.00	35.00

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