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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (28): 62-67.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0826

所属专题： 生物技术； 园艺； 农业气象

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

干旱胁迫对无花果叶片生理特性的影响

姜露露1(), 于坤1, 刘冬冬2, 王军武1, 包兴成1, 郑重1()   

  1. 1石河子大学农学院/新疆兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子 832000
    2新疆石大国利农业科技股份有限公司,新疆阿拉尔843300
  • 收稿日期:2020-12-23 修回日期:2021-05-14 出版日期:2021-10-05 发布日期:2021-10-28
  • 通讯作者: 郑重
  • 作者简介:姜露露,男,1995年出生,四川广安人,硕士研究生,研究方向为果树节水灌溉技术。通信地址：832000 新疆石河子市北四路221号 石河子大学农学院,E-mail： 1746755661@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划科技助力经济2020重点专项“互联网加肥站关键技术装备产业化与示范推广”(2020YFF0403276);中央引导地方科技发展资金“智慧灌溉云平台开发与示范”(YDZX20206500914674);兵团科技创新人才计划“无线灌溉电动阀性能优化与示范推广”(S2020CB4057)

Effects of Drought Stress on Physiological Characteristics of Fig Leaves

Jiang Lulu1(), Yu Kun1, Liu Dongdong2, Wang Junwu1, Bao Xingcheng1, Zheng Zhong1()   

  1. 1Agriculture College of Shihezi University/ The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi Xinjiang 832000
    2Xinjiang Shidaguoli Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Alar Xinjiang 843300
  • Received:2020-12-23 Revised:2021-05-14 Online:2021-10-05 Published:2021-10-28
  • Contact: Zheng Zhong

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摘要：

为研究干旱胁迫对无花果的抗旱生理生化机制,评价无花果对干旱胁迫的反应,以‘布兰瑞克’无花果为试验材料,采取保护地控水试验法,将土壤含水量设置为4个水平,分别为常规供水（CK,田间持水量的65%~75%）、轻度干旱（LD,田间持水量的50%~55%）、重度干旱（MD,田间持水量的40%~45%）、极度干旱（ED,田间持水量的30%~35%）,对比不同干旱胁迫对无花果产量及叶片理化特性的影响。结果表明,无花果叶片相对含水量、叶绿素相对含量随胁迫程度的增大而明显降低,均在ED处理下达最小值,分别较CK降低35.81%、44.40%。叶片蛋白、可溶性糖、丙二醛(MDA)含量随着胁迫程度的增大明显增加,均在ED处理达到最大值,较CK分别增加260%、120%、473%;叶片游离脯氨酸(Pro)渗透调节物质含量明显增加;过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)等酶的活性随胁迫程度的增大而显著增强,均在ED处理下达到最大且分别高于CK 33%、90%、360%、6.2%;平均单果重在MD处理下出现最大值为62.11 g,较CK增加20%。ED处理下小区产量最大,达13.90 kg,较CK增加41%。综上,干旱胁迫对无花果产量及叶片生理生化指标有明显影响,在一定范围内胁迫程度越强,无花果产量越低;无花果自身能通过调节渗透物质和酶活性对环境条件做出反应。

关键词: 干旱胁迫, 无花果, 酶活性, 生理生化, 产量

Abstract:

The paper aims to study the physiological and biochemical mechanism of fig under drought stress and evaluate the response of fig to drought stress. Taking ‘Browns Wick’ fig as experimental material, the soil water content was set at four levels: conventional water supply (CK, 65%-75% of field capacity), mild drought (LD, 50%-55% of field capacity), severe drought (MD, 40%-45% of field capacity) and extreme drought (ED, 30%-35% of field capacity), effects of different drought stress on fig yield and leaf physical and chemical characteristics were compared. The results showed that the relative water content and chlorophyll content of fig leaves decreased significantly with the increase of stress degree, which reached the minimum value under ED treatment, 35.81% and 44.40% lower than that of CK, respectively. The content of protein, soluble sugar and malondialdehyde (MDA) in leaves increased significantly with the increase of stress degree, and reached the maximum value in ED treatment, which increased by 260%, 120% and 473% respectively compared with that of CK; the contents of free proline (Pro) osmotic adjustment substance in leaves increased significantly; the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) increased significantly with the increase of stress degree. The average single fruit weight was 62.11g, which was 20% higher than that of CK. Under ED treatment, the plot yield was the highest, reaching 13.90kg, 41% higher than that of CK. To sum up, drought stress has a significant impact on fig yield and leaf physiological and biochemical indicators, in a certain range, the stronger the stress, the lower the fig yield; fig itself can respond to environmental conditions by regulating osmotic substances and enzyme activities.

Key words: drought stress, fig, enzyme activity, physiology and biochemistry, yield

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