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中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (29): 96-102.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1134

所属专题: 生物技术 小麦 农业气象

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

冬小麦灌浆期光合参数及产量对土壤高湿和干旱变化的响应

任三学1,2(), 齐月2(), 田晓丽3, 赵花荣1   

  1. 1中国气象科学研究院,北京 100081
    2中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所,甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室,中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室,兰州 730020
    3中国气象局河北固城农业气象国家野外科学观测研究站,河北保定 072656
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-25 修回日期:2022-01-21 出版日期:2022-10-15 发布日期:2022-10-14
  • 通讯作者: 齐月
  • 作者简介:任三学,男,1965年出生,甘肃陇南人,高级工程师,研究方向:农业气象试验研究。通信地址:100081 北京市海淀区中关村南大街46号 中国气象科学研究院生态与农业气象研究所,Tel:010-68406416,E-mail: 656892rzr@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    干旱气象科学研究基金项目“土壤干旱和高湿(渍水)胁迫对冬小麦叶片光合作用及其产量形成的实验观测研究”(IAM201805);中国气象局/河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点实验室开放基金项目“气候变暖背景下麦田沟金针虫发生为害灾情的调查研究”(AMF202007)

Responses of Photosynthetic Parameters and Yield of Winter Wheat at Filling Stage to Soil High Humidity and Drought Change

REN Sanxue1,2(), QI Yue2(), TIAN Xiaoli3, ZHAO Huarong1   

  1. 1Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081
    2Institute of Arid Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration, Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster of CMA,Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Changing and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730020
    3Gucheng Agro-meteorological National Field Observation and Research Station, China Meteorological Administration, Baoding, Hebei 072656
  • Received:2021-11-25 Revised:2022-01-21 Online:2022-10-15 Published:2022-10-14
  • Contact: QI Yue

摘要:

为研究土壤湿度变化对冬小麦光合参数和产量变化的影响机制,在防雨棚人工控制灌水,设置土壤高湿、中度干旱、重旱、对照4个处理的田间冬小麦试验,研究土壤水分变化对灌浆期冬小麦光合参数及产量的影响。结果表明:冬小麦灌浆期叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度随土壤水分降低而降低。重旱处理冬小麦叶片胞间CO2浓度与对照相近,引起光合作用下降的主要原因是非气孔因素限制。土壤高湿冬小麦叶片有效利用光强区间拉大,而土壤干旱胁迫叶片有效利用光强的区间缩小,土壤高湿和干旱胁迫叶片夜间呼吸作用都提高,干旱逆境胁迫白天光合作用受限减弱,夜间呼吸作用增强,消耗营养增多,“一减一增”是其籽粒瘪秕,产量低的生理原因。土壤高湿和干旱影响冬小麦灌浆期籽粒干物质输送、积累的源库匹配。高湿处理叶片的绿色器官光合产物输送籽粒占主导,开花前营养器官干物质转运、贡献率变小;干旱逆境胁迫下,叶片等绿色器官光合产物少,输送籽粒干物质减少,但花前营养器官干物质转运、贡献率相对增大;收获指数土壤高湿和对照基本相近,干旱处理较对照明显偏小。

关键词: 冬小麦, 光合参数, 产量, 土壤高湿, 干旱

Abstract:

To study the influencing mechanism of soil moisture on photosynthetic parameters and yield change of winter wheat, an experiment was conducted with 4 treatments of soil high humidity (W1), moderate drought (W2), severe drought (W3) and control (CK) using artificially controlled irrigation in the rainproof shed, to study the effects of soil moisture change on the photosynthetic parameters and yield of winter wheat at the filling stage. The results showed that: the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of winter wheat during the filling stage decreased with the decrease of soil moisture. The intercellular CO2 concentration of W3 was similar to that of CK, and the main reason for the decrease of photosynthesis was non-stomatal restriction. The effectively utilized light intensity range of winter wheat leaf of W1 was expanded, while the effectively utilized light intensity range by leaves was narrowed due to soil drought stress. Night respiration of leaves under soil high humidity and drought stress were both increased. Drought stress reduced photosynthesis during the day, enhanced night respiration, and consumed more nutrients. ‘One decrease and one increase’ was the physiological reason for the grain collapse and low yield. High soil moisture and drought could affect the source-sink matching of dry matter transport and accumulation in winter wheat grains during grain filling stage. The green organs of the leaves under high humidity treatment dominated the transport of photosynthetic products, and the dry matter transport and contribution rates of the vegetative organs before flowering became smaller. Under drought stress, the photosynthetic products of green organs such as leaves were less, and the dry matter transported by grains was reduced. However, the dry matter transport and contribution rates of the vegetative organs before anthesis were increased relatively. The harvest index of soil high humidity was basically similar to that of the control, while the harvest index of the drought treatment was obviously smaller than that of the control.

Key words: winter wheat, photosynthetic parameters, yield, soil high humidity, drought

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