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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (34): 8-13.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1181

所属专题： 生物技术； 玉米； 农业生态

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

长期秸秆还田对旱地玉米土壤有机碳及碳库管理指数的影响

胡雪纯(), 解文艳(), 马晓楠, 周怀平, 杨振兴, 刘志平   

  1. 山西农业大学资源环境学院/省部共建有机旱作农业国家重点实验室（筹），太原 030031
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-09 修回日期:2022-05-10 出版日期:2022-12-05 发布日期:2022-11-25
  • 通讯作者: 解文艳
  • 作者简介:胡雪纯，女，1998年出生，山西阳泉人，在读硕士，研究方向：土壤碳氮循环。E-mail：hxc001024@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    山西农业大学省部共建有机旱作农业国家重点实验室自主研发项目“山西省典型农田土壤有机碳储量时空变化特征及其影响因素分析”(202105D121008-1-8);山西省基础研究计划项目“长期不同秸秆还田模式下土壤有机碳固定特征及其微生物作用机制”(202103021224124);山西省应用基础研究计划项目“长期施用粪肥对褐土抗生素及抗性基因的影响”(201901D211557);山西省农业科学院应用基础研究计划项目“牛粪堆肥过程中四环素类抗生素的降解及影响因素研究”(YBSJJ2012)

Effects of Long-term Straw Returning on Organic Carbon and Carbon Pool Management Index in Dryland Maize Soil

HU Xuechun(), XIE Wenyan(), MA Xiaonan, ZHOU Huaiping, YANG Zhenxing, LIU Zhiping   

  1. College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University/ State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in preparation), Taiyuan 030031
  • Received:2021-12-09 Revised:2022-05-10 Online:2022-12-05 Published:2022-11-25
  • Contact: XIE Wenyan

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摘要：

以山西省晋中市寿阳县长期玉米种植区褐土为研究对象，探讨秸秆还田方式对土壤有机碳、土壤活性有机碳组分和土壤碳库管理指数的影响，以期为北方旱地褐土培肥、提高土壤质量提供理论依据。基于连续30年（1992—2021年）秸秆还田长期定位试验，按照等碳量秸秆还田，设置4个处理[秸秆覆盖还田(SM)、秸秆粉碎直接还田(SC)、秸秆过腹还田(CM)、秸秆不还田(CK)]进行分析。结果表明：（1）CM处理的土壤总有机碳含量较SM、SC显著提高了29.23%、35.72%。（2）CM处理的土壤活性有机碳含量较CK显著提高了77.72%，且与SM、SC差异显著；SM、SC、CM处理的土壤微生物量碳含量较CK分别显著提高了26.39%、43.51%、70.83%；SM、SC、CM处理的土壤可溶性有机碳含量较CK分别显著提高了4.32%、31.47%、60.00%。（3）SM、SC、CM、CK间的土壤活性有机碳效率无显著差异，SC处理的土壤微生物量碳有效率和可溶性有机碳有效率较CK分别显著提高了28.04%、17.10%，SM处理的土壤可溶性有机碳有效率较CK显著降低了11.48%，CM对于土壤碳素效率无明显提升效果。（4）CM处理的土壤碳库管理指数较SM、SC显著增加了138.89%、72.32%。秸秆过腹还田能够显著提高北方旱地褐土肥力，增加土壤碳库管理指数，改善土壤质量，是最优的还田方式。

关键词: 长期秸秆还田, 秸秆还田方式, 土壤活性有机碳, 碳库管理指数, 玉米

Abstract:

Taking the cinnamon soil in the maize planting area of Shouyang County in Jinzhong City of Shanxi Province as the research object, the effects of the ways of long-term straw returning on soil organic carbon, active organic carbon and its components, and carbon pool management index were discussed, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for fertilize dryland cinnamon soil and improve soil quality. Here, based on a long-term (30 years, from 1992 to 2021) straw returning to field experiment, according to equal carbon content straw returning, 4 treatments were set up: straw mulching (SM), straw crushing (SC), cattle manure (CM), and no straw returning (CK). The results are as follows. (1) The soil total organic carbon content of CM significantly increased by 29.23% and 35.72%, respectively, compared with that of SM and SC. (2) Compared with that of CK, the soil active organic carbon content of CM significantly increased by 77.72%, and it was significantly different from that of SM and SC. The soil microbial biomass carbon content of SM, SC and CM significantly increased by 26.39%, 43.51% and 70.83%, respectively, compared with that of CK. The dissolved organic carbon content of SM, SC and CM significantly increased by 4.32%, 31.47% and 60.00%, respectively, compared with that of CK. (3) There was no significant difference in the efficiency of active organic carbon among SM, SC, CM and CK. The efficiency of microbial biomass carbon and dissolved organic carbon of SC were significantly higher than that of CK by 28.04% and 17.10%, respectively. Compared with CK, SM significantly reduced the efficiency of dissolved organic carbon in soil by 11.48%, while CM had no significant improvement effect on soil carbon efficiency. (4) Compared with that of SM and SC, the soil carbon pool management index of CM increased significantly by 138.89% and 72.32%. The results show that cattle manure (CM) can significantly improve the fertility of the northern dryland cinnamon soil, increase the soil carbon pool management index, and improve the soil quality. It is the optimal way of straw returning.

Key words: long-term straw returning, straw returning way, soil active organic carbon, carbon pool management index, maize

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