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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (14): 134-141.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0491

• 畜牧·动物医学·蚕·蜂 • 上一篇    下一篇

祁连山南麓草原干旱和牧草产量特征及影响

肖莲桂1(), 石明章2(), 白金莲1, 雒福佐1, 陈安琪3, 黄欣华1   

  1. 1 青海省气象信息中心，西宁 810001
    2 青海省西宁市气象局，西宁 810016
    3 青海省天峻县气象局，青海海西 817299
  • 收稿日期:2023-06-28 修回日期:2024-01-04 出版日期:2024-05-15 发布日期:2024-05-09
  • 通讯作者:
    石明章，男，1978年出生，青海湟中人，副研级高级工程师，硕士，主要从事综合气象业务。通信地址：810016 青海省西宁市城北区生物园区经二路20-2号 青海省西宁市气象局，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    肖莲桂，女，1978年出生，青海共和人，副研级高级工程师，本科，主要从事综合气象业务工作和柴达木盆地生态气候方面的研究。通信地址：810001 青海省西宁市五四大街19号 青海省气象局气象信息中心，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    青海省科技厅2023年专项“全球大气本底与青藏高原大数据应用中心科技创新平台”(2023-SF-J10); 青海省气象局2021年重点项目“实况分析产品在青海地区的评估方法研究”(QXZD2021-05)

Characteristics and Impact Factors of Grassland Drought and Forage Yield in Southern Foothills of Qilian Mountains

XIAO Liangui1(), SHI Mingzhang2(), BAI Jinlian1, LUO Fuzuo1, CHEN Anqi3, HUANG Xinhua1   

  1. 1 Qinghai Province Meteorological Information Center, Xining 810001
    2 Xining Meteorological Bureau of Qinghai Province, Xining 810016
    3 Tianjun County Meteorological Bureau, Haixi, Qinghai 817299
  • Received:2023-06-28 Revised:2024-01-04 Published:2024-05-15 Online:2024-05-09

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摘要：

了解土壤湿度的时空变化特征与规律，对充分利用土壤水分资源及应对气候变化有重要意义。基于祁连山南麓高寒草原天峻生态气象观测站2004—2022年解冻期草原土壤水分监测资料，分析了高寒草原土壤相对湿度的年际、季节变化趋势，以及天然草场土壤干旱季节变化特征，并结合围栏内外牧草产量，对比分析了草原整体土壤相对湿度与牧草产量的相关性。结果表明：祁连山南麓高寒草原整体土壤相对湿度年内逐月变化和季节变化特征明显，2004—2022年，年、季节和各月整体土壤相对湿度均呈逐年上升趋势，土壤干旱化程度减轻。祁连山南麓高寒草原虽然各季节干旱出现频次和程度不尽相同，但春、夏、秋三季连旱的概率也较高。各季节各等级干旱发生频次大小均为轻旱>中旱>重旱>特旱，春季中旱和重旱的频率高达34.8%，春末夏初是一年中最为干旱的时段。2004—2022年围栏内和围栏外牧草产量均表现为显著的增加(P<0.05)趋势，围栏内牧草产量增加的变化速率是围栏外牧草产量的1.6倍。通过气象因子分别与整体土壤相对湿度和牧草产量间的相关关系分析，分别构建的整体土壤相对湿度和牧草产量模型具有较好的使用价值，可在实际业务工作中推广应用。

关键词: 高寒草原, 整体土壤相对湿度, 牧草产量, 影响因子

Abstract:

Understanding the characteristics and patterns of spatial and temporal changes in soil moisture is important for fully utilizing soil moisture resources and coping with climate change. In this study, the interannual and seasonal trends of soil relative humidity in alpine grassland and the seasonal changes of soil drought in natural grassland were analyzed using the monitoring data of grassland soil moisture in the thawing period from 2004 to 2022 at Tianjun Ecological and Meteorological Observatory in alpine grassland of the southern foothills of the Qilian Mountains. The correlation between overall soil relative humidity and pasture yield of the grassland was analyzed in conjunction with the comparison of pasture yield inside and outside the fence. The results showed that the relative soil humidity in the alpine grassland of the southern foot of Qilian Mountains had obvious characteristics of month-to-month and seasonal changes within the year, and from 2004 to 2022, the overall relative soil humidity in the year, season and month showed an increasing trend year by year, and the degree of aridization of the soil was reduced. Although the frequency and degree of occurrence of drought varied among seasons in the alpine grassland of the southern foothills of the Qilian Mountains, the probability of consecutive droughts in spring, summer and fall was also higher. The frequency of drought in all seasons was light drought>moderate drought>severe drought>extreme drought, and the frequency of moderate drought and severe drought in spring was as high as 34.8%, with the late spring and early summer being the driest time of the year. 2004 to 2022 pasture yields inside and outside the fence showed a significant increasing trend (P<0.05), and the rate of change of the increase of the pasture yields in the fence was 1.6 times of those of the outside of the fence. The analysis of the correlation between meteorological factors, soil relative humidity and pasture yield showed that the construction of the overall soil relative humidity and pasture yield model had a good use value, and could be popularized and applied in practical work.

Key words: alpine grassland, overall soil relative humidity, forage yield, impact factors