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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (16): 57-62.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0554

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

2种砧木对‘优瑞卡’蓝莓果实品质及矿质营养的影响

余冉1(), 郭佩佩1, 伍双双1, 朱心怡1, 左肇睿1, 张春龙2, 朱波1, 肖家欣1()   

  1. 1 安徽师范大学生命科学学院/安徽省重要生物资源保护与利用研究重点实验室，安徽芜湖 241000
    2 安徽徽王农业有限公司，安徽南陵 241300
  • 收稿日期:2023-08-15 修回日期:2024-03-17 出版日期:2024-06-05 发布日期:2024-05-30
  • 通讯作者:
    肖家欣，男，1970年出生，湖北罗田人，教授，博士，主要从事果树生物学等方面的研究。通信地址：241000 安徽省芜湖市北京东路1号 安徽师范大学生命科学学院，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    余冉，女，2002年出生，安徽六安人，本科在读。通信地址：241000 安徽省芜湖市北京东路1号 安徽师范大学生命科学学院，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    大学生创新训练项目“嫁接对‘优瑞卡’蓝莓果实品质、光合特性及矿质营养的影响”(S202210370297); 安徽省重点研发项目“大别山区蓝莓新型栽培模式及轻简提质增效关键技术研究与应用”(202204c06020029)

Effects of Two Rootstocks on Quality and Mineral Nutrition of ‘Eureka’ Blueberry Fruit

YU Ran1(), GUO Peipei1, WU Shuangshuang1, ZHU Xinyi1, ZUO Zhaorui1, ZHANG Chunlong2, ZHU Bo1, XIAO Jiaxin1()   

  1. 1 Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources, Anhui Province/ College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000
    2 Anhui Huiking Agriculture Co., Ltd., Nanling, Anhui 241300
  • Received:2023-08-15 Revised:2024-03-17 Published:2024-06-05 Online:2024-05-30

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摘要：

为进一步明确不同砧木对蓝莓果实品质的影响，研究兔眼蓝莓‘精华’和‘巴尔德温’高接换种南高丛蓝莓‘优瑞卡’的果实品质性状、光合特性及矿质营养变化，测定单果鲜重等7个果实品质性状并进行模糊综合评价，利用便携式光合仪测定光合参数，应用等离子发射光谱仪测定果实和叶片矿质元素P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、B、Zn和Cu含量。结果表明，‘精华’砧‘优瑞卡’果实的花青苷和维生素C含量均居最高，其果实综合品质为良，‘巴尔德温’砧‘优瑞卡’及其自根植株果实综合品质均为中。‘精华’砧‘优瑞卡’的净光合速率(Pn)与气孔导度(Gs)均显著低于自根植株，而2种砧木嫁接的‘优瑞卡’与自根植株的胞间CO2浓度(Ci)并无显著性差异，且Pn仅与Gs呈极显著正相关，推测‘精华’砧‘优瑞卡’Pn值相对较低主要是由非气孔因素引起的。2个砧木嫁接的‘优瑞卡’及其自根植株叶片Ca和Mn、‘精华’和‘巴尔德温’砧嫁接的‘优瑞卡’叶片Mg以及‘精华’砧‘优瑞卡’叶片B和Cu含量均居于低量水平，其他均居于适量或高量范围。研究认为，‘精华’砧显著提高了‘优瑞卡’果实品质，但引起Pn值显著降低；‘精华’和‘巴尔德温’砧均降低了‘优瑞卡’叶片Mg含量，‘精华’砧还降低了‘优瑞卡’叶片B和Cu含量。在‘优瑞卡’蓝莓生产中除注意增施Ca和Mn肥外，对2种砧木嫁接的‘优瑞卡’还需增施Mg肥，对‘精华’砧‘优瑞卡’还需增施B和Cu肥。

关键词: 砧木, ‘优瑞卡’蓝莓, 果实品质, 光合特性, 矿质营养

Abstract:

In order to further clarify the effects of different rootstocks on fruit quality of blueberry, the fruit quality traits, photosynthetic characteristics, and mineral nutrient changes of the southern highbush blueberry ‘Eureka’ (Vaccinium corymbosum) grafted on the rabbit eye blueberry ‘Choice’ and ‘Baldwin’ (V. virgatum) were studied. Seven fruit quality traits, such as the fresh weight of single fruit, were determined and a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation was carried out. The photosynthetic parameters were measured by a portable photosynthesizer, and the contents of mineral elements of phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), boron (B), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) in fruits and leaves were determined with a plasma emission spectrometer. The anthocyanin and vitamin C contents in the fruit of ‘Eureka’ grafted on ‘Choice’ were the highest, and the comprehensive quality of the fruit was good, while the comprehensive quality of the fruit of ‘Eureka’ grafted on ‘Baldwin’ and own-rooted ‘Eureka’ were medium. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs) of ‘Eureka’ grafted on ‘Choice’ were significantly lower than those of own-rooted ‘Eureka’, while there was no significant difference in the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci) between the grafted and non-grafted ‘Eureka’, and Pn was only positively correlated with Gs. It was speculated that the relatively low Pn value of ‘Eureka’ grafted on ‘Choice’ was mainly caused by non-stomatal factors. The contents of Ca and Mn in the leaves of the grafted and non-grafted ‘Eureka’, the contents of Mg in the leaves of ‘Eureka’ grafted on ‘Choice’ and ‘Baldwin’, and the contents of B and Cu in the leaves of ‘Eureka’ grafted on ‘Choice’ were all at a low level, while others were at a moderate or high level. ‘Choice’ rootstock significantly improved the fruit quality of ‘Eureka’, but significantly reduced the Pn value. Both ‘Choice’ and ‘Baldwin’ reduced the Mg content of ‘Eureka’ leaves, and ‘Choice’ rootstock also reduced the B and Cu content of ‘Eureka’ leaves. Therefore, in addition to increasing the application of Ca and Mn fertilizers in the production of ‘Eureka’ blueberries, Mg fertilizer should also be applied to the ‘Eureka’ grafted on two rootstocks, and B and Cu fertilizers need to be added to the ‘Eureka’ grafted on ‘Choice’.

Key words: rootstocks, ‘Eureka’ blueberry, fruit quality, photosynthetic characteristics, mineral nutrition