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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (30): 1-10.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0164

• 农学·农业基础科学 •    下一篇

3种不同绿肥翻压对水稻产量、养分累积及土壤性质的影响

董青君(), 董玉兵, 李卫红, 谢昶琰, 张苗, 李传哲, 陈川, 章安康()   

  1. 江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所，江苏淮安 223001
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-05 修回日期:2024-07-02 出版日期:2024-10-25 发布日期:2024-10-23
  • 通讯作者:
    章安康，男，1966年出生，江苏沭阳人，研究员，本科，主要从事土壤肥料及绿肥高效利用研究。通信地址：223003 江苏省淮安市清江浦区淮海北路104号淮安市农科院，Tel：0517-83668984，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    董青君，女，1995年出生，山东菏泽人，研究实习员，硕士，研究方向：土壤肥料及农业资源化利用。通信地址：223003 江苏省淮安市清江浦区淮海北路104号 淮安市农科院，Tel：0517-83662909，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    淮安市农科院科研发展基金项目“绿肥种质资源的收集、筛选及多功能利用”(HNY202020); 江苏省现代农业（水稻）产业技术体系项目“淮安推广示范基地”(JATS[2023]190-1)

Effects of Turning over of Three Different Green Manures on Rice Yield, Nutrient Accumulation and Soil Properties

DONG Qingjun(), DONG Yubing, LI Weihong, XIE Changyan, ZHANG Miao, LI Chuanzhe, CHEN Chuan, ZHANG Ankang()   

  1. Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai Region in Jiangsu, Huai’an, Jiangsu 223001
  • Received:2024-03-05 Revised:2024-07-02 Published:2024-10-25 Online:2024-10-23

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摘要：

本研究旨在探究不同绿肥品种之间的生长差异及其翻压后对水稻产量、养分累积及土壤性质的影响。以冬闲田(CK)为对照，选取紫云英、光叶苕子、箭筈豌豆3种常见的绿肥品种，进行大田试验，分析绿肥生长期间的性状差异及其翻压后对后茬水稻的产量、品质、养分累积和土壤性质等。结果表明，3种绿肥中株高和生物量的表现均为光叶苕子>箭筈豌豆>紫云英，以光叶苕子最优，适合作为该地区种植的品种；绿肥翻压后水稻产量较CK有了明显的提高，其中光叶苕子翻压后水稻产量达到10.47 t/hm2，比CK高出58.88%；绿肥翻压能够提升水稻的食味值及养分累积，与CK相比，紫云英、光叶苕子、箭筈豌豆处理的水稻食味值分别提高5.58%、9.46%、11.16%，水稻秸秆全钾累积量分别提高50.88%、42.87%、67.70%，水稻籽粒全氮累积量分别提高17.25%、45.62%、47.74%，水稻籽粒全钾累积量分别提高17.96%、54.28%、48.88%，水稻地上部全磷总累积分别提高11.32%、62.16%、27.41%，全钾总累积量分别提高45.53%、44.73%、64.64%，其中以光叶苕子、箭筈豌豆的综合效果最佳；绿肥翻压能够提升土壤的性质，具有改良土壤肥力的潜力，其中箭筈豌豆处理与CK相比pH提高2.96%、有机质增加10.05%、全氮含量增加4.41%等，紫云英处理与CK相比有机质增加1.43%、全氮含量增加24.25%、全磷含量增加9.20%、速效磷含量增加10.95%。综上，光叶苕子、箭筈豌豆的生物量和养分累积量均较高，其翻压后能够提高水稻的产量、食味值、养分累积，推荐作为该地区种植的绿肥品种；紫云英、箭筈豌豆翻压具有增加土壤肥力的潜力，箭筈豌豆的效果较好。该研究可为苏北地区绿肥的利用与农业可持续生产提供理论依据。

关键词: 绿肥, 水稻, 土壤, 养分, 养分累积, 品种, 产量, 土壤性质

Abstract:

To explore the growth differences among different green manure varieties and their effects on rice yield, nutrient accumulation and soil properties after turning over, the winter fallow field (CK) was used as the control, three common green manures (Astragalus sinicus L., Vicia villosa var. and Vicia sativa L.) were selected to conduct field experiments to analyze the differences in the characteristics of green manures during the growth period and their effects on rice yield, nutrient accumulation and soil properties after turning over. The results showed that the performance of plant height and biomass in the three types of green manure was as followed: Vicia villosa var. > Vicia sativa L. > Astragalus sinicus L., with Vicia villosa var. being the best and suitable for planting in the region. After turning over green manures, the rice yield significantly increased compared to CK, with the yield under Vicia villosa var. reached 10.47 t/hm2, which was 58.88% higher than that of CK. Green manure turning over could improve the taste value and nutrient accumulation of rice. Compared with CK, the taste value of rice treated with Astragalus sinicus L., Vicia villosa var. and Vicia sativa L. increased by 5.58%, 9.46% and 11.16%, respectively, and total potassium accumulation in rice straw increased by 50.88%, 42.87% and 67.70%, respectively, the total nitrogen accumulation in rice grains increased by 17.25%, 45.62% and 47.74%, respectively and the total potassium accumulation in rice seeds increased by 17.96%, 54.28%, and 48.88%, respectively, the total phosphorus accumulation in rice shoots increased by 11.32%, 62.16% and 27.41%, respectively, the total accumulation of total potassium increased by 45.53%, 44.73% and 64.64%, respectively, with the best comprehensive effect being the Vicia villosa var. and Vicia sativa L.. Green manure could improve soil properties and had the potential to improve soil fertility. Among them, the treatment of Vicia sativa L. had a pH increase of 2.96%, organic matter increased by 10.05%, and total nitrogen content increased by 4.41% compared to CK. The treatment of Astragalus sinicus L. had an organic matter increase of 1.43%, total nitrogen content increase of 24.25%, total phosphorus content increase of 9.20%, and available phosphorus content increase of 10.95% compared to CK. In summary, the biomass and nutrient accumulation of Vicia villosa var. and Vicia sativa L. were both high, and their flipping could improve the yield, taste value and nutrient accumulation of rice. Therefore, they were recommended as green manure varieties for planting in this region; Astragalus sinicus L. and Vicia sativa L. had the potential to increase soil fertility through tillage, while Vicia sativa L. had a better effect. This study could provide a theoretical basis for the utilization of green manure and sustainable agricultural production in the northern Jiangsu region.

Key words: green manure, rice, soil, nutrient, nutrient accumulation, variety, yield, soil properties