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中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (30): 11-16.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0305

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

玉米水氮利用效率对不同生育期干旱和施氮量的响应

胡斌1(), 刘恩科2, 宗睿3, 高霞1, 傅晓岩1, 高阳4, 李秋梅5, 李全起3()   

  1. 1 山东省农业技术推广中心,济南 250100
    2 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京 100081
    3 山东农业大学水利土木工程学院,山东泰安 271018
    4 中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所,河南新乡 453002
    5 济南市畜牧技术推广站,济南 250306
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-30 修回日期:2024-08-29 出版日期:2024-10-25 发布日期:2024-10-23
  • 通讯作者:
    李全起,男,1976年出生,山东潍坊人,教授,博士,主要从事农业水土工程研究。通信地址:271018 山东省泰安市岱宗大街61号,Tel:0538-8249656,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    胡斌,1978年出生,山东肥城人,正高级农艺师,博士,主要从事土壤与肥料研究。通信地址:250100 山东省济南市闵子骞路21号,Tel:0531-81608023,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    黄河三角洲盐碱地农作物绿色高效生产关键技术示范推广项目“盐碱地小麦玉米周年轮作水肥运筹降盐增产关键技术示范推广项目”(zyczh-sdnj2024-05); 山东省农业重大技术协同推广项目“农业废弃物肥料化高效利用技术示范推广”(SDNYXTTG-2024-36)

Response of Water and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency of Maize to Phased Drought and Nitrogen Application

HU Bin1(), LIU Enke2, ZONG Rui3, GAO Xia1, FU Xiaoyan1, GAO Yang4, LI Qiumei5, LI Quanqi3()   

  1. 1 Agricultural Technology Promotion Center of Shandong, Jinan 250100
    2 Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture of CAAS, Beijing 100081
    3 College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018
    4 Institute of farmland irrigation of CAAS, Xinxiang, Henan 453002
    5 Jinan Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion Station, Jinan 250306
  • Received:2024-04-30 Revised:2024-08-29 Published:2024-10-25 Online:2024-10-23

摘要:

为明确不同氮肥施用量和不同生育期干旱对玉米生长和水氮利用效率的影响,本研究以‘超级登海2号’和‘郑单958’ 2个玉米品种为试验材料,采用盆栽试验方法评估了干旱和氮肥处理对玉米拔节期、开花期和灌浆期干物质积累、水分利用效率和氮肥利用效率的调控效果。结果表明,所有设定的干旱处理均显著减低玉米籽粒的干物质量,并导致水分利用效率和氮肥利用效率降低。特别是开花期的干旱,对玉米籽粒干物质量累积的负面影响最为显著,其次是拔节期干旱。在干旱条件下,增加氮肥施用量对抗旱性较强品种‘郑单958’籽粒干物质量积累及水分利用效率具有促进作用,而对抗旱性较弱品种‘超级登海2号’仅在灌浆期缺水和充分灌溉处理下存在促进作用。2种玉米氮肥利用效率均随施氮量增加而降低,在灌浆期干旱处理氮肥利用效率高于拔节期和开花期干旱处理。试验结果对黄淮海玉米水肥高效管理提供理论依据。

关键词: 水肥耦合, 干旱胁迫, 干物质分配, 水分利用效率, 氮肥利用效率

Abstract:

To clarify the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer application rates and phased drought on maize growth and water and water-nitrogen utilization efficiency, in this study, ‘Denghai Super 2’ and ‘Zhengdan 958’ were used as experimental materials to study the controlling effects of drought at the jointing stage, flowering stage and filling stage under different nitrogen fertilizer application rates on maize dry matter accumulation and water and nitrogen utilization efficiency through a pot experiment. The results showed that various phased droughts treatments both reduced the dry matter weight of maize grains, and reduced water use efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency of maize. Drought appeared at flowering stage of maize had the maximal effects on the dry matter accumulation of grains, followed by drought appeared at jointing stage. Under drought conditions, increasing nitrogen fertilizer application rates promoted the grains accumulation and water use utilization efficiency of ‘Zhengdan 958’, which had the strong drought resistance. But as for ‘Denghai Super 2’, which had the weak drought resistance, the positive effects of increasing nitrogen fertilizer application rates were only appeared in drought at filling stage and full irrigation conditions. Nitrogen utilization efficiency of 2 varieties of maize decreased with increase of nitrogen fertilizer application rates. And the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency of maize in drought condition at the filling stage was higher than that of other treatments (drought appeared at jointing and flowering stages, respectively). The experimental results provided a theoretical basis for water and fertilizer management of maize in the Huang-Huai-Hai region.

Key words: water-fertilizer coupling, drought stress, dry matter allocation, water use efficiency, N use efficiency