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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 76-81.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0346

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

山东茶区不同茶树品种的机采适宜性评价

吴焕焕(), 任志红, 肖文敏, 张虹, 孙海伟(), 杨圣祥, 张玲   

  1. 泰安市农业科学院，山东泰安 271000
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-28 修回日期:2024-10-18 出版日期:2025-01-05 发布日期:2025-01-01
  • 通讯作者:
    孙海伟，男，1973年出生，山东泰安人，研究员，博士，研究方向为茶树育种与栽培管理。通信地址：271000 山东省泰安市泰山区唐王街316号 泰安市农科院，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    吴焕焕，女，1988年出生，山东泰安人，农艺师，硕士，研究方向为茶树栽培育种和茶叶加工。通信地址：271000 山东省泰安市泰山区唐王街316号 泰安市农科院，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    山东省农业良种工程项目“优质高产抗逆茶树突破性新品种选育”(2020LZGC010); 山东省茶叶产业技术体系泰安综合试验站项目(SDAIT-19-09); 山东省2017年度农业重大应用技术创新项目“泰山茶提质增效关键技术研究与集成示范”; 泰安市科技发展计划（引导计划）“适宜机械采摘的茶树良种筛选和示范应用”(2019NS090); 济南市十大农业特色产业科技创新项目“长清寿茶提质增效关键技术研究与示范”

Evaluation on Mechanized-picking Suitability of Different Tea Cultivars in Shandong Province

WU Huanhuan(), REN Zhihong, XIAO Wenmin, ZHANG Hong, SUN Haiwei(), YANG Shengxiang, ZHANG Ling   

  1. Tai’an Academy of Agricultural Science, Tai’an, Shandong 271000
  • Received:2024-05-28 Revised:2024-10-18 Published:2025-01-05 Online:2025-01-01

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摘要：

为筛选出适宜山东茶区机采的茶树品种，对山东茶区生长优良的6个茶树品种的新梢芽叶性状和机采效果进行比较试验，对不同茶树品种的机采适宜性进行评价。结果表明，‘岱鼎御丰’和‘中茶108’有较长的新稍长和节间长度，‘岱鼎御丰’在春季和夏季机采的标准芽叶率和完整芽叶率显著高于其他品种，‘中茶108’和‘岱鼎御丰’在秋季机采的标准芽叶率和完整芽叶率显著高于其他品种；较长的新稍和节间长度与芽叶的完整性显著相关，表明新稍长和节间长度对采茶机的采摘性能至关重要；不同茶树品种的展叶角度与标准芽叶率、完整芽叶率均无显著相关性；大部分品种在夏季机采的效果高于春季和秋季，优先对夏茶进行机采对提高茶叶生产效率十分重要。新稍和节间长度是影响茶叶机械采收的重要因素，在山东茶区可选择‘岱鼎御丰’作为机采的品种。

关键词: 山东茶区, 茶树品种, 机采, 标准芽叶, 完整芽叶, 节间长度, 展叶角度

Abstract:

In order to screen out the tea varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting in Shandong tea area, the shoot bud leaf traits and mechanical harvesting effects of 6 tea varieties with excellent growth were compared, and the suitability of mechanical harvesting of different tea varieties was evaluated. The results showed that ‘Daiding Yufeng’ and ‘Zhongcha 108’ had longer new slightly length and internode length. The standard bud-leaf rate and complete bud-leaf rate of ‘Daiding Yufeng’ in spring and summer were significantly higher than those of other varieties. The standard bud-leaf rate and complete bud-leaf rate of ‘Zhongcha 108’ and ‘Daiding Yufeng’ in autumn were significantly higher than those of other varieties. Through analysis, it was found that the longer new shoot and internode length were significantly correlated with the integrity of the bud leaves, indicating that the new shoot length and internode length were crucial to the picking performance of the tea picker. There was no significant correlation between the leaf angle of different tea varieties and the standard bud leaf rate and the complete bud leaf rate. The results also showed that the effect of mechanical harvesting in summer was higher than that in spring and autumn, and the priority of mechanical harvesting in summer was very important to improve the efficiency of tea production. Shoot length and internode length are important factors affecting the mechanical harvesting of tea. ‘Daiding Yufeng’ can be selected as a mechanical harvesting variety in Shandong tea area.

Key words: Shandong tea area, tea varieties, machine picking, standard bud leaf, intact bud and leaves, internode length, leaf angle