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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (12): 61-66.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0596

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同调理剂对富磷蔬菜地土壤磷素的稳定作用

张舟娜1(), 周华萍2, 章明奎3()   

  1. 1 杭州市余杭区农业生态与植物保护服务站，杭州 311121
    2 杭州市萧山区农业和林业技术推广中心，杭州 311203
    3 浙江大学环境与资源学院，杭州 310058
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-09 修回日期:2025-01-18 出版日期:2025-04-25 发布日期:2025-04-24
  • 通讯作者:
    章明奎，男，1964年出生，浙江绍兴人，教授，博士，主要从事土壤质量管理方面的研究。通信地址：310058 杭州市西湖区余杭塘路866号 浙江大学紫金港校区环境与资源学院，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    张舟娜，女，1982年出生，浙江舟山人，农艺师，学士，主要从事农业生态与土肥技术的推广应用研究工作。通信地址：311121 浙江省杭州市余杭区文一西路1500号 杭州市余杭区农业生态与植物保护服务站，Tel：0571-89517493，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目“长期全年淹水集约种植对水耕人为土性态演变与物质循环及生态功能的影响”(41977001)

Effects of Different Conditioning Agents on the Stabilization of Soil Phosphorus in Phosphorus-rich Vegetable Fields

ZHANG Zhouna1(), ZHOU Huaping2, ZHANG Mingkui3()   

  1. 1 Yuhang District Agricultural Ecology and Plant Protection Service Station of Hangzhou, Hangzhou 311121
    2 Xiaoshan District Agricultural and Forestry Technology Extension Center of Hangzhou, Hangzhou 311203
    3 College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058
  • Received:2024-09-09 Revised:2025-01-18 Published:2025-04-25 Online:2025-04-24

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摘要： 农田土壤磷素管理的目标是土壤磷素在满足作物生长需要的同时，又能减少土壤磷素的流失风险，因此，寻求既能明显降低土壤中的水溶性磷，又能基本不对有效磷产生较大影响的调理剂，是调控土壤磷素活性的根本。选取氯化钙、石膏、石灰石粉、硫酸亚铁和硫酸铝等5种含钙、铁、铝的调理剂，以采自蔬菜地的石灰性土（淡涂泥）、微酸性土（培泥砂田）和酸性土（黄泥土）为供试土壤，通过室内培养试验，研究5种调理剂对3种不同酸碱度蔬菜地土壤磷素的形态的影响。结果表明：施用5种调理剂可改变土壤磷素形态，氯化钙、石膏和石灰石粉可促进Ca2-P、Al-P、Fe-P向Ca8-P和Ca10-P转变，硫酸亚铁和硫酸铝可促进Ca2-P、Ca8-P和Ca10-P向Al-P、Fe-P转变。降低Ca2-P的比例以硫酸亚铁、硫酸铝最为明显，其次为石灰石粉。调理剂的施用可不同程度改变土壤pH，施用氯化钙和石膏可明显降低石灰性和中性土壤的pH，石灰石粉可增加土壤的pH，硫酸亚铁和硫酸铝显著降低了土壤pH。添加不同调理剂可降低土壤有效磷和水溶性磷，对水溶性磷的降低效果大于有效磷，降低土壤水溶性磷最为明显的是硫酸亚铁和硫酸铝。研究发现，基于农田土壤磷素管理的目标，结合土壤pH的变化，石灰性富磷土壤适宜施用的调理剂为硫酸铝或氯化钙，中性富磷土壤适宜的调理剂为硫酸铝、氯化钙或石灰石粉，酸性富磷土壤适宜施用的调理剂为石灰石粉、氯化钙和石膏。

关键词: 富磷土壤, 调理剂, 土壤磷的稳定, 磷形态, 有效磷, 水溶性磷

Abstract:

The objective of farmland soil phosphorus (P) management is to meet the P needs of crop growth while reducing the risk of soil P runoff loss. Therefore, it is essential to look for the conditioner agent which can reduce the water-soluble P in the P-rich soils and has little effect on the available P. In this study, calcium chloride, gypsum, limestone powder, ferrous sulfate and aluminium sulfate containing calcium, iron and aluminium were selected as conditioning agents, the effects of the five kinds of conditioner agents on the forms of P in three kinds of vegetable soils (calcareous, neutral and acidic soils) with different pH were studied by laboratory simulation experiment. The results showed that the forms of P in the three soils could be changed by applying the conditioner agents. Calcium chloride, gypsum and limestone powder could promote the transformation of Ca2-P, Al-P, Fe-P to Ca8-p and Ca10-P, while ferrous sulfate and aluminium sulfate could promote the transformation of Ca2-P, Ca8-P and Ca10-P into Al-P and Fe-P. The reduction of Ca2-P was most obvious when applied with ferrous sulfate or aluminium sulfate, followed by application of limestone powder. The pH value of calcareous and neutral soils could be obviously reduced by applying calcium chloride or gypsum, and the pH value of the soils increased by applying limestone powder, while application of ferrous sulfate or aluminum sulfate significantly reduced pH of the soils. Both available P and water-soluble P in the soils were decreased by adding each of the five different conditioner agents, and the reduction effect of water-soluble P was greater than that of bio-available P. The most obvious reduction of soil water-soluble P was found at application of ferrous sulfate or aluminum sulfate. Based on the objectives of soil P management and the change of soil pH value after application of the agents, it was recommended that the suitable conditioner agents for reducing water-soluble P in calcareous phosphorus-rich soil was aluminum sulfate or calcium chloride, while aluminum sulfate, calcium chloride or limestone powder were suitable for reducing water-soluble P in neutral P-rich soil, and limestone powder, calcium chloride and gypsum were suitable for reducing water-soluble P in acid P-rich soil.

Key words: P-rich soil, conditioner agent, soil P stability, P forms, available P, water-soluble P