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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (17): 96-102.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0757

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

南疆棉花“干播湿出”模式适应性评价

曹文洋1,2(), 陈小康1, 杨涛2(), 陈民志2, 马兴旺3, 王则玉3, 梅磊2, 郑胤建2, 阿尔祖娜·阿布力米提2, 安杰2   

  1. 1 新疆大学机械工程学院,乌鲁木齐 830049
    2 新疆大学智慧农业学院(研究院),乌鲁木齐 830046
    3 新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-16 修回日期:2025-03-26 出版日期:2025-06-15 发布日期:2025-06-15
  • 通讯作者:
    杨涛,男,1979年出生,陕西武功人,教授,博士,研究方向:智慧农业。通信地址:830046 新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市水磨沟区华瑞街777号,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    曹文洋,男,2002年出生,硕士研究生,研究方向:南疆绿洲节水模式下土壤盐分智能化监测与建模决策。通信地址:830049 新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市水磨沟区华瑞街777号,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    “天山英才”培养计划“南疆耕地土壤质量提升‘干播湿出'技术创建推广”(2022TSYCJC0049); 新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目子课题“机采棉水肥供需双控产品及技术研发”(2024B02004-2); “天池英才青年博士计划”

Adaptability Evaluation of ‘Dry Sowing and Wet Emergence’ Mode for Cotton in Southern Xinjiang

CAO Wenyang1,2(), CHEN Xiaokang1, YANG Tao2(), CHEN Minzhi2, MA Xingwang3, WANG Zeyu3, MEI Lei2, ZHENG Yinjian2, ARZUNA Abulimiti2, An Jie2   

  1. 1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830049
    2 Smart Agriculture College of Xinjiang University(Research Institute), Urumqi 830046
    3 Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091
  • Received:2024-12-16 Revised:2025-03-26 Published:2025-06-15 Online:2025-06-15

摘要:

南疆棉花传统播种需春灌或冬灌进行压盐,以保障棉花出苗,但耗水量大。“干播湿出”种植模式因其能精量水分管理,减少耗水量,同时有效控制土壤盐碱分布,确保棉花正常发育,已成为南疆棉花种植领域的新思路。对于“干播湿出”模式在南疆不同地区的适用效果,目前还处于起步阶段。本研究系统梳理现有研究进展,讨论了“干播湿出”模式下适宜的灌溉量和灌溉频次,总结了“干播湿出”模式对盐碱地的土壤盐分变化规律、土壤物理结构、土壤水分动态及其对棉花生长的调控机制。通过近年来的生产实践和文献调研,“干播湿出”模式可控制土壤盐分处于适宜的范围,保证棉花的生长。同时提出未来需要关注不同气候条件下的种植模式、智能灌溉与精准监控、改良剂的配合施用和微生物调控等方面的问题。

关键词: “干播湿出”, 土壤盐分, 棉花, 产量, 水分利用

Abstract:

The traditional sowing of cotton in southern Xinjiang needs spring irrigation or winter irrigation for salt suppression to ensure the seedling emergence, but the water consumption is large. The ‘dry sowing and wet emergence’ model has emerged as an innovative approach, enabling precise water management to reduce consumption while effectively regulating soil salt-alkali distribution and ensuring normal cotton growth. Current research on regional adaptability of this mode remains preliminary. This study systematically reviewed existing progress, discussed optimal irrigation volume and frequency under this model, and summarized its regulatory mechanisms on soil salt distribution dynamics, physical structure, moisture dynamics, and cotton growth. Production practices and literature analysis demonstrate that this model maintains soil salinity within suitable ranges for cotton development. Future research directions are proposed, including climate-adaptive planting patterns, the intelligent irrigation monitoring, combined application of soil amendments, and microbial regulation.

Key words: ‘dry sowing and wet emergence’, soil salinity, cotton, yield, water utilization