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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (17): 88-95.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0313

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

陇东塬区春玉米对气候暖湿化的响应及应对

周忠文1,2(), 刘英2(), 邱宁刚2   

  1. 1 中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所，沈阳 110016
    2 甘肃省庆阳市气象局，甘肃庆阳 745000
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-08 修回日期:2025-04-16 出版日期:2025-06-15 发布日期:2025-06-15
  • 通讯作者:
    刘英，女，1975年出生，甘肃西峰人，高级工程师，本科，主要从事天气预报及应用气象服务方面的工作。通信地址：745000 甘肃省庆阳市西峰区兰州路14号气象局，Tel：0934-5926889，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    周忠文，男，1974年出生，甘肃宁县人，高级工程师，本科，主要从事应用气象研究及服务方面的工作。E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省科技重大专项“气候变化背景下甘肃精细化农业气候资源和农业气象灾害风险区划及预警研制”(25ZDFA011); 中国气象局创新发展专项“四种作物联合试验”(XFZ2023J053); 中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所和辽宁省农业气象灾害重点实验室联合开放基金“陇东气候过渡区季节气候异常对旱作玉米的影响”(2023SYIAEKFMS19); 甘肃省庆阳市科技重大专项计划项目“气候变化对陇东粮食安全的影响及应对”(QY-STK-2022A-071); 甘肃省庆阳市气象局科研项目“基于‘24节气’的庆阳温度和降水敏感性响应研究”(QY2023-2)

Response of Spring Maize to Climate Warming and Humidification in Eastern Gansu Plateau

ZHOU Zhongwen1,2(), LIU Ying2(), QIU Ninggang2   

  1. 1 The Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang 110016
    2 Qingyang Meteorological Bureau, Qingyang, Gansu 745000
  • Received:2024-05-08 Revised:2025-04-16 Published:2025-06-15 Online:2025-06-15

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摘要：

为研究气候变化对陇东塬区春玉米生长的影响，利用甘肃省西峰1994—2023年连续30 a气候因子和玉米生物观测资料，采用线性回归、多项式函数、气候倾向率等方法，分析陇东气候暖湿化对玉米的影响。结果表明，30 a来，陇东春玉米生长期内热量和降水总量呈增加趋势，光照呈减少趋势，陇东塬区气候暖湿化趋势明显，对玉米的生长发育产生了明显影响。气候变暖对玉米生长周期造成影响，玉米播期推迟，成熟期提前，生育期有所缩短，使得种植界限北扩；气候暖湿化使得玉米生长高度、叶面积指数、果穗长、百粒重、株籽粒重、理论产量等均呈增高趋势，气候暖湿化对陇东塬区春玉米生产和农业经济正效应显著。陇东塬区玉米产量与生育期内平均气温、有效积温和日照时数呈负相关，与生育期降水量呈极显著正相关，水资源不足是陇东黄土高原作物生长的主要制约因素，水分影响着玉米产量的生育全过程，玉米产量的高低主要受降水量的多少和分布状况影响。生产中要充分挖掘气候资源潜力，调整种植结构，推广科学种植模式，引入高产抗逆品种，选择适宜播种期，动态增减复种面积，发展节水灌溉，健全防灾减灾体系，控防并举提质增效，趋利避害减少气候变化负效应。

关键词: 气候暖湿化, 陇东塬区, 春玉米, 响应

Abstract:

In order to study the impact of climate change on the growth of spring corn in the Loess Plateau of eastern Gansu, the continuous 30-year climate factors and corn biological observation data from Xifeng in 1994-2023 were used to analyze facts of climate warming and humidification in eastern Gansu and their impact on corn by using linear regression, polynomial function, climate trend rate and other methods. The results showed that, over the past 30 years, the heat and precipitation during the growth period of spring corn in eastern Gansu had shown an increasing trend, while sunshine had shown a decreasing trend. The climate warming and humidification trend in the Loess Plateau of eastern Gansu was obvious, which had a significant impact on the growth and development of corn. Climate warming affected the growth cycle of corn, the sowing period of corn was delayed, the maturity period was advanced, the growth was shortened, and the planting boundary was expanded northward; climate warming and humidification made the growth height of corn, leaf area index, ear length, hundred grain, plant seed weight, theoretical yield and other indicators showed an increasing trend, and the positive effect of climate warming and humidification on the production of spring corn and agricultural in the Loess Plateau of eastern Gansu was significant. The yield of corn in the Loess Plateau of eastern Gansu was negatively correlated with average temperature, effective accumulated temperature and sunshine hours during the growth period, and was extremely significantly positively correlated with the precipitation during the growth period. The lack of water was the main limiting factor for the growth of crops in the Loess Plateau of eastern Gansu. Moisture affected the whole process of corn yield growth. The yield of corn was mainly affected by the amount and distribution of precipitation. In production, we should fully tap the potential of climate resources, adjust the planting, promote the scientific planting mode, introduce high-yielding and stress-resistant varieties, select the appropriate sowing period, dynamically increase or decrease the area of multiple cropping, water-saving irrigation, improve the disaster prevention and reduction system, control and prevent to improve quality and efficiency, and avoid harm to reduce the negative effects of climate change.

Key words: climate warming and humidification, eastern Gansu plateau, spring maize, response