盐碱交互胁迫对河蚬的毒性作用

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0487

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究旨在探讨河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)在盐碱胁迫条件下的生理和分子响应。通过将河蚬暴露于不同浓度的盐碱胁迫下，对其存活率以及ATP酶活力进行监测和分析，测定了河蚬对氯化钠盐度、碳酸氢钠碱度以及盐碱交互胁迫的耐受能力。结果表明，河蚬在24、48、72、96 h氯化钠盐度半致死浓度(LD₅₀)分别为70.22、44.86、22.87、9.92 g/L，安全浓度(SC)为5.5 g/L；在24、48、72、96 h碳酸氢钠碱度半致死浓度(LD₅₀)分别为309.56、188.03、86.4、35.97 mmol/L，SC为20.81 mmol/L。盐碱联合对河蚬的胁迫具有拮抗作用，盐碱联合毒性低于单一盐度或碱度。在用安全浓度的盐碱水胁迫后12 h鳃的Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATP酶活力与Na⁺/K⁺-ATP酶活力显著上升(P<0.05)，24 h恢复至正常水平后逐渐上升且均在72 h达到最大值(P<0.05)。研究表明河蚬对盐碱水环境具有一定的耐受能力，可以尝试在盐度低于5.5 g/L或碱度低于20.81 mmol/L的盐碱水环境下开展养殖。

关键词: 河蚬, 盐度, 碱度, 盐碱交互, 盐碱胁迫, ATP酶, 毒性反应, 生理响应, 耐受能力

Abstract:

This study aims to investigate the physiological and molecular responses of Corbicula fluminea to salt-alkali stress. Corbicula fluminea was subjected to varying concentrations of salt-alkali stress to monitor and analyze survival rates and ATPase activity, thereby assessing its tolerance to sodium chloride-induced salinity, sodium bicarbonate-induced alkalinity, and the combined effects of salt-alkali interaction stress. The findings indicated that the median lethal concentrations (LD₅₀) of sodium chloride at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h were 70.22, 44.86, 22.87, and 9.92 g/L, respectively, with a safe concentration (SC) of 5.5 g/L; the median lethal concentrations (LD₅₀) of sodium bicarbonate alkalinity at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h were 309.56, 188.03, 86.4, 35.97 mmol/L, and SC was 20.81 mmol/L. The interaction of salt-alkali stress exhibited an antagonistic effect on Corbicula fluminea, with the toxicity of the combined stress being less than that of either salinity or alkalinity alone. Following exposure to saline-alkali water at a safe concentration, the activities of Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATPase and Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase in the gills demonstrated a significant increase within the first 12 hours (P<0.05). These activities continued to rise, reaching normal levels after 24 hours and peaking at 72 hours (P<0.05). The study indicates that Corbicula fluminea exhibits a degree of tolerance to saline-alkaline water conditions, indicating its potential for cultivation in environments where salinity does not exceed 5.5 g/L or alkalinity remains below 20.81 mmol/L.

Key words: Corbicula fluminea, salinity, alkalinity, salt-alkali interaction, salt-alkali stress, ATPase, toxic response, physiological response, tolerance ability

朱培灿, 刘以安, 周芳雨, 刘博. 盐碱交互胁迫对河蚬的毒性作用[J]. 中国农学通报, 2025, 41(6): 159-164.

ZHU Peican, LIU Yi'an, ZHOU Fangyu, LIU Bo. Toxic Effects of Salt-alkali Interaction on Corbicula fluminea[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(6): 159-164.

图/表 5

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处理时间/h	Probit-盐度回归方程	Pearson拟合度检验P值	Probit-碱度回归方程	Pearson拟合度检验P值
24	Probit=-2.106+0.03X	0.951	Probit=-1.987+0.006X	0.942
48	Probit=-1.437+0.032X	0.999	Probit=-1.115+0.006X	0.994
72	Probit=-0.791+0.035X	0.912	Probit=-0.556+0.006X	0.981
96	Probit=-0.532+0.054X	0.848	Probit=-0.371+0.1X	0.98

处理时间/h	Probit-盐度回归方程	Pearson拟合度检验P值	Probit-碱度回归方程	Pearson拟合度检验P值
24	Probit=-2.106+0.03X	0.951	Probit=-1.987+0.006X	0.942
48	Probit=-1.437+0.032X	0.999	Probit=-1.115+0.006X	0.994
72	Probit=-0.791+0.035X	0.912	Probit=-0.556+0.006X	0.981
96	Probit=-0.532+0.054X	0.848	Probit=-0.371+0.1X	0.98

处理时间/h	死亡率/%						半致死浓度LC₅₀	安全浓度/(g/L)
	对照组	盐度/(g/L)
	对照组	15	19.14	24.43	31.19	40
24	0a	3.33ab	6.67±2.72bc	10.00±2.72cd	13.33de	16.67±4.71e	70.22	5.5
48	0a	16.67±2.72b	20.00b	26.67±2.72c	33.33±2.72d	43.33±2.72e	44.86
72	0a	40.00±2.72b	43.33±4.71b	50.00±2.72c	66.67±5.44d	70.00±2.72d	22.87
96	0a	56.67±4.71b	70.00±5.44c	83.33±5.44d	86.67±2.72de	93.33±2.72e	9.92

处理时间/h	死亡率/%						半致死浓度LC₅₀	安全浓度/(g/L)
	对照组	盐度/(g/L)
	对照组	15	19.14	24.43	31.19	40
24	0a	3.33ab	6.67±2.72bc	10.00±2.72cd	13.33de	16.67±4.71e	70.22	5.5
48	0a	16.67±2.72b	20.00b	26.67±2.72c	33.33±2.72d	43.33±2.72e	44.86
72	0a	40.00±2.72b	43.33±4.71b	50.00±2.72c	66.67±5.44d	70.00±2.72d	22.87
96	0a	56.67±4.71b	70.00±5.44c	83.33±5.44d	86.67±2.72de	93.33±2.72e	9.92

处理时间/h	死亡率/%						半致死浓度LC₅₀	安全浓度/ (mmol/L)
	对照组	碱度/(mmol/L)
	对照组	50	67	89.5	120	160
24	0a	3.33ab	6.67±2.72bc	10.00c	10.00±2.72c	16.67±2.72d	309.56	20.81
48	0a	20.00±2.72b	23.33±5.44b	30.00±5.44c	33.33±4.71c	43.33±2.72d	188.03
72	0a	40.00±4.71b	43.33±2.72b	53.33±5.44c	60.00±5.44d	66.67±2.72e	86.44
96	0a	56.67±2.72b	60.00±4.71b	73.33±2.72c	80.00±5.44d	90.00±5.44e	35.97