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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (25): 84-88.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0756

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同“稻鸭共作”系统对土壤酸碱度及养分的影响

郭裕娇1(), 罗璇1, 景浩祺2, 翁恺麒1, 曹正锋1, 张扬1, 王小治2, 陈国宏1, 徐琪1()   

  1. 1 扬州大学动物科学与技术学院，江苏扬州 225009
    2 扬州大学环境科学与工程学院，江苏扬州 225127
  • 收稿日期:2022-09-01 修回日期:2023-01-12 出版日期:2023-09-05 发布日期:2023-08-28
  • 通讯作者: 徐琪，男，1978年出生，江苏如东人，教授，博士，主要从事水禽遗传育种方面的研究。通信地址：225009 江苏省扬州市文汇东路48号 扬州大学动物科学与技术学院，Tel：0514-87997194，E-mail：xuqi@yzu.edu.cn。
  • 作者简介:
    郭裕娇，女，2000年出生，湖南郴州人，硕士研究生，研究方向：家禽遗传育种。通信地址：225009 江苏省扬州市文汇东路88号 扬州大学动物科学与技术学院，E-mail：。
  • 基金资助:
    扬州市重点研发项目子课题“‘鸭/稻+鹅/绿肥’生态循环种养技术优化与集成”(YZ2019038); 镇江市“1+1+N”新型农业技术推广项目“‘稻鸭草鹅’生态循环种养模式的熟化与推广应用”(ZJNJ[2020]06)

Influence of Rice-duck Integrated Farming Systems on Soil pH and Nutrients

GUO Yujiao1(), LUO Xuan1, JING Haoqi2, WENG Kaiqi1, CAO Zhengfeng1, ZHANG Yang1, WANG Xiaozhi2, CHEN Guohong1, XU Qi1()   

  1. 1 College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009
    2 College of Environment Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127
  • Received:2022-09-01 Revised:2023-01-12 Online:2023-09-05 Published:2023-08-28

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摘要：

为探究不同“稻鸭共作”系统对土壤的酸碱度及养分的影响，选取常规稻鸭共作、绿肥—稻鸭共作以及多年稻鸭共作等田块，研究不同田块中土壤酸碱度及养分水平的变化。结果表明，与常规种植水稻法的对照组相比，稻鸭共作组的酸碱度及养分水平下降幅度小；从碱解氮水平上看，稻鸭共作组在收鸭后比放鸭前上升了8.6 mg/kg，而对照组中，收鸭后比放鸭前下降了4.98 mg/kg。在绿肥—稻鸭共作模式中，种植绿肥前到盛花期，碱解氮水平显著提高(P<0.05)，速效磷、速效钾水平分别下降21.95%、33.49%，土壤pH下降14.43%。此外，通过对多年稻鸭共作田块的监测发现，随着稻鸭共作茬数的增加，土壤肥力逐渐提高，尤其是碱解氮水平的提高，同时也能较好地维持土壤的酸碱度。上述结果表明，“稻鸭共作”模式可通过提高土壤碱解氮水平增强土壤肥力，且随着种植年数增加，效果更加明显；在该模式中种植绿肥还可以进一步提升土壤碱解氮水平。“稻鸭共作”模式是一种能有效维持并提升土壤肥力的种植模式，值得推广应用。

关键词: 稻鸭共作, 土壤酸碱度, 碱解氮, 速效磷, 速效钾

Abstract:

To explore the effects of different rice-duck integrated farming systems on soil pH and nutrients, this experiment selected fields such as conventional rice-duck co-cropping, green fertilizer and rice-duck integrated farming and multi-year rice-duck integrated farming to study the changes of soil pH and nutrient levels in different plots. The results showed that compared with the control group of conventional rice cultivation method, the decrease of pH and nutrient level in the rice-duck integrated farming group was smaller than that in the control group. Even the level of alkaline nitrogen of the rice-duck integrated farming group increased by 8.6 mg/kg after harvesting compared to before ducking, while in the control group, the alkaline nitrogen level after harvesting ducks decreased by 4.98 mg/kg compared to before ducking. For green fertilizer and rice-duck integrated farming, the alkaline nitrogen level increased significantly (P<0.05) from the planting green fertilizer to the flowering stage, the levels of quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium decreased by 21.95% and 33.49%, respectively, and the soil pH decreased by 14.05%. In addition, through the monitoring of rice-duck integrated farming fields for many years, it was found that with the increase of the number of rice-duck integrated stubble, soil fertility, especially alkaline nitrogen level, could be improved, and the pH of the soil could also be better maintained at a stable level. The above results showed that the rice-duck integrated farming model could enhance soil fertility by improving soil alkaline nitrogen level, and the effect became more obvious with the increase of planting years. Planting green fertilizer in this model could also further improve soil alkaline nitrogen level. Therefore, the rice-duck integrated farming model was a planting model that could effectively maintain and improve soil fertility, which was worth popularizing and applying.

Key words: rice and duck integrated farming, soil pH, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, quick-acting potassium