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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (10): 88-94.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0300

所属专题： 烟草种植与生产

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

贵州烟田不同土壤类型pH和速效钾含量分布特征

高维常1(), 袁玉波2, 潘首慧3, 张恒1, 蔡凯1()   

  1. 1 烟草行业山地烤烟品质与生态重点实验室/贵州省烟草科学研究院，贵阳 550081
    2 黔南州烟草公司惠水县分公司，贵州惠水 550600
    3 安顺市烟草公司，贵州安顺 551000
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-12 修回日期:2022-08-01 出版日期:2023-04-05 发布日期:2023-03-27
  • 通讯作者: 蔡凯，男，1986年出生，湖南益阳人，副研究员，博士，主要从事烟草/土壤化学研究。通信地址：550081 贵州省贵阳市观山湖区龙滩坝路29号，E-mail：caikai19861104@gmail.com。
  • 作者简介:

    高维常，男，1983年出生，贵州瓮安人，副研究员，硕士，研究方向：主要从事农田污染防控与栽培技术研究。通信地址：550081 贵州省贵阳市观山湖区龙滩坝路29号，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    贵州省高层次创新型人才培养计划——“百”层次人才（黔科合平台人才[2020]6020(黔科合平台人才[2020]6020); 中国烟草总公司项目“黔桂生态区植烟黄壤保育技术研发与应用”(110202102038); 中国烟草总公司贵州省公司科技项目“贵州省代表性烟田土壤整段标本制作”(201722); “贵州植烟土壤光谱信息系统研发与应用”(201910); “烤烟水溶根施肥作用机制及关键技术优化与应用”(201906)

Distribution Characteristics of pH Values and Available Potassium Contents in Different Soil Types in Guizhou Tobacco Fields

GAO Weichang1(), YUAN Yubo2, PAN Shouhui3, ZHANG Heng1, CAI Kai1()   

  1. 1 Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science/ Upland Flue-cured Tobacco Quality & Ecology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco,Guiyang 550081
    2 Huishui Branch of Qiannan Tobacco Company, Huishui, Guizhou 550600
    3 Anshun Tobacco Company, Anshun, Guizhou 551000
  • Received:2022-04-12 Revised:2022-08-01 Online:2023-04-05 Published:2023-03-27

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摘要：

揭示贵州烟田不同土壤类型pH和速效钾含量及分布特征，指导植烟土壤保育。选取贵州代表性烟田，分析不同土壤类型耕层厚度、pH和速效钾含量的分布特征，及深耕后pH和速效钾的变化情况。结果表明，贵州烟田土壤耕层普遍偏浅，平均为18.88 cm。平均pH 6.21，依次为人为土>淋溶土>雏形土>富铁土>新成土，不同土壤类型间无显著差异。速效钾含量平均为332.81 mg/kg，依次为淋溶土>富铁土>人为土>雏形土>新成土，其中淋溶土和富铁土显著高于人为土、雏形土，淋溶土与富铁土、人为土与雏形土之间无显著差异。pH和速效钾含量均表现为递减型、递增型和均一型3种模式，pH以递增型为主(72.21%)，速效钾以递减型为主(72.21%)。深耕后不同土壤类型pH平均增加0.12个单位，速效钾含量平均减少49.43 mg/kg。贵州烟田土壤耕层偏浅，存在酸化现象，速效钾含量总体偏高，不同土壤类型pH和速效钾含量不同，剖面分布特征影响土壤深耕后pH和速效钾含量的变化。

关键词: 土壤类型, 耕层厚度, pH, 速效钾, 土壤保育

Abstract:

To reveal the distribution characteristics of pH values and available potassium (AK) contents in Guizhou tobacco fields with different soil types and guide soil conservation, the thickness of plough layer, the distribution of pH values and AK contents were analyzed in typical tobacco-planting fields in Guizhou, and the changes of pH values and AK contents were evaluated after 30 cm deep ploughing. The results showed that the average thickness of soil plough layer was 18.88 cm, which was generally shallow. The average pH value was 6.21 with anthrosols>argosols>cambosols>ferrosols>primosols, and there was no significant difference among the soil types. The average AK content in soil plough layer was 332.81 mg/kg with argosols>ferrosols>anthrosols>cambosols>primosols, AK in argosols and ferrosols were significantly higher than that in anthrosols and cambosols, and there was no significant difference between argosols and ferrosols, and anthrosols and cambosols. The soil pH value and AK content were defined as three modes: decreasing type, increasing type and uniform type, pH was mainly increasing type (72.21%), and AK was mainly decreasing type (72.21%). After deep ploughing, the pH value increased by 0.12 units on average, and the AK content decreased by 49.43 mg/kg. The thickness of plough layer was generally shallow and acidification phenomenon could be observed, but the AK content was generally high in Guizhou tobacco-planting fields. Different soil types had different pH values and AK contents and the profile distribution characteristics affected the changes of soil pH value and AK content after deep ploughing.

Key words: soil types, soil plough layer thickness, pH, available potassium, soil conservation