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中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (9): 85-94.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0272

所属专题: 资源与环境

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

覆沙对松嫩平原盐碱裸地的改良和利用效果研究

胡娟1(), 周道玮1(), 关胜超2, 张丹3   

  1. 1中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所/黑土区农业生态重点实验室/吉林省草地畜牧重点实验室,长春 130102
    2通化师范学院生命科学学院,吉林通化 134000
    3长春大学园林学院,长春 130102
  • 收稿日期:2020-07-20 修回日期:2020-09-25 出版日期:2021-03-25 发布日期:2021-04-09
  • 通讯作者: 周道玮
  • 作者简介:胡娟,女,1985年出生,甘肃天水人,助理研究员,博士,研究方向:土壤环境优化机理与农业废弃物资源化研究。通信地址:130102 吉林省长春市高新北区4888号,E-mail: hujuan@iga.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划课题“松嫩平原碱化草甸改良技术与资源优化利用”(2016YFC0500606);中国科学院黑土区农业生态重点实验室开放基金课题(2020ZKHT-04)

The Improvement and Utilization of Bare Saline-alkali Soil in the Songnen Plain by Sand-covering

Hu Juan1(), Zhou Daowei1(), Guan Shengchao2, Zhang Dan3   

  1. 1Jilin Provincial Laboratory of Grassland Farming, Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, Changchun 130102
    2College of Life Sciences, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua Jilin 134000
    3College of Landscape Architecture, Changchun University, Changchun 130102
  • Received:2020-07-20 Revised:2020-09-25 Online:2021-03-25 Published:2021-04-09
  • Contact: Zhou Daowei

摘要:

本文研究不同覆沙厚度及覆沙后种植农作物和饲草对松嫩平原盐碱裸地的改良和利用效果。结果表明:覆沙后沙土层土壤含水量、pH和电导率明显低于盐碱土层,且随沙土深度的增加而增加,在同一沙土层随覆沙厚度的增加而降低。不同厚度覆沙后表层盐碱土电导率由初始621 μS/cm降低至389~594 μS/cm。2013年覆沙30 cm玉米产量较2012年高51.1%,且比覆沙20 cm高32.29% (P<0.05),比覆沙40 cm低8.9% (P>0.05)。2013年覆沙30 cm紫花苜蓿产量和总根生物量分别是2012年的2.04倍和3.65倍,总根生物量较覆沙20 cm和覆沙40 cm显著增加55.9%和106.3%。2012年和2013年覆沙30 cm种植紫花苜蓿沙土层电导率分别降低23.1%和43.5%。不同厚度覆沙对盐碱地有一定改良作用,覆沙后连续2年种植玉米和紫花苜蓿增产效果显著,推荐覆沙30 cm。

关键词: 盐碱裸地, 覆沙厚度, 农作物, 饲草, 电导率, pH

Abstract:

The improvement and utilization of bare saline-alkali soil in the Songnen Plain were studied by different thickness of sand-covering and planting corps or forages. Two years results showed that SWC, pH and EC in sandy soil layer were significantly lower than that of saline-alkali soil layer, and increased with sandy soil depth. SWC, pH and EC in the same sandy soil layer decreased with the increase of sand-covering thickness. EC of surface saline-alkali soil was reduced from 621 μS/cm to 389-594 μS/cm under different sand-covering thickness treatments. The yield of maize with sand-covering of 30 cm in 2013 was 51.1% higher than that of 2012, and was 32.29% higher than that of sand-covering of 20 cm (P<0.05) and 8.9% lower than that of sand-covering of 40 cm (P>0.05), respectively. The yield and total root biomass of alfalfa with sand-covering of 30 cm in 2013 was 2.04 times and 3.65 times that of 2012, respectively. The yield of alfalfa with sand-covering of 30 cm was not significantly different from that of sand-covering of 20 cm and sand-covering of 40 cm, but the total root biomass of alfalfa increased by 55.9% and 106.3%, respectively. EC of alfalfa in sandy soil layer was decreased by 23.1% and 43.5% in 2012 and 2013 respectively under the sand-covering of 30 cm. Therefore, sand-covering has some improvement effects on saline-alkali soil, and planting maize and alfalfa under sand-covering of 30 cm has remarkable effects on yields.

Key words: saline-alkali soil, sand-covering thickness, crops, forages, EC, pH

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