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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (21): 107-113.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0544

• 盐碱地多样化生态化特色化综合利用 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同改良剂对苏打盐碱地土壤细菌群落结构及燕麦生长的影响

顾鑫1,2(), 任翠梅1, 冯鹏1,2, 王丽娜1, 张宏宇1, 李娜1, 宋敏超1, 王迪1,2()   

  1. 1 黑龙江省农业科学院大庆分院，黑龙江大庆 163316
    2 国家盐碱地综合利用技术创新中心大庆试验站，黑龙江大庆 163316
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-30 修回日期:2025-07-17 出版日期:2025-07-25 发布日期:2025-08-05
  • 通讯作者:
    王迪，男，1981年出生，黑龙江大庆人，研究员，硕士，主要从事土壤改良与作物育种方向研究。通信地址：163316 黑龙江省大庆市高新区兴化街84号，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    顾鑫，男，1988年出生，黑龙江讷河人，助理研究员，硕士，主要从事土壤改良与土壤生态方向研究。通信地址：163316 黑龙江省大庆市高新区兴化街84号，Tel：0459-6031176，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    黑龙江省农业科技创新跨越工程农业关键技术科技创新重点攻关项目“苏打盐碱土改良技术集成与示范”(CX23GG09); 黑龙江省农业科技创新跨越工程农业科技基础创新优青项目“有机替代对苏打盐碱土团聚体养分及其化学计量特征的影响”(CX23YQ17); 黑龙江省省属科研院所科研业务费项目“化肥减量配施有机肥对苏打盐碱土结构特征及水盐运移影响研究”(CZKYF2022-1-C041); 黑龙江省省属科研院所科研业务费项目“苏打盐碱土功能微生物的挖掘及应用”(CZKYF2024-1-C005)

Effects of Different Amendments on Soil Bacterial Community Structure and Growth of Oats in Saline-alkali Soda Land

GU Xin1,2(), REN Cuimei1, FENG Peng1,2, WANG Lina1, ZHANG Hongyu1, LI Na1, SONG Minchao1, WANG Di1,2()   

  1. 1 Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163316
    2 Daqing Experimental Station of National Center of Technology Innovation for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-alkali Land, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163316
  • Received:2025-06-30 Revised:2025-07-17 Published:2025-07-25 Online:2025-08-05

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摘要： 探究不同改良剂对苏打盐碱地土壤细菌群落结构及燕麦生长的差异化影响，为盐碱地高效改良及燕麦高产栽培提供依据。在大庆市东风农场开展田间试验，设置无改良剂(CK)、硫酸铝(AS)、脱硫石膏(DG)、醋渣(VR)、生物炭(BC) 5个处理，运用高通量测序技术分析土壤细菌群落结构与多样性，并测定燕麦农艺性状。结果表明：4种改良剂均显著提高土壤细菌群落多样性(P<0.05)。其中，DG处理的OTUs(Operational Taxonomic Units)数量、Chao1指数、Ace指数最高，VR处理的Shannon指数最高，BC处理的Simpson指数最低。门水平上，Pseudomonadota、Acidobacteriota和Actinomycetota为主要菌门，BC处理Pseudomonadota相对丰度最高(29.47%)，AS处理Acidobacteriota相对丰度最低(17.12%)，DG处理Actinomycetota相对丰度最低(11.00%)。属水平上，norank_Pyrinomonadaceae、norank_Gemmatimonadaceae和norank_Vicin amibacterales为主要菌属。施用改良剂后，燕麦株高、穗长、千粒重、鲜重和干重均有所提高。BC处理效果最为突出，燕麦株高130.37 cm、穗长21.80 cm、千粒重27.00 g，鲜重和干重分别达8337.35 kg/hm2和7141.30 kg/hm2；DG和AS处理对燕麦生长也有促进作用，但在鲜重和干重方面不如BC处理；VR处理促进作用相对较弱。燕麦植株性状与土壤细菌群落α-多样性指数密切相关。综上所述，硫酸铝、脱硫石膏、醋渣和生物炭4种改良剂均能改善土壤细菌群落结构，促进燕麦生长，生物炭效果最优，脱硫石膏和硫酸铝次之，醋渣较弱。

关键词: 土壤改良剂, 苏打盐碱地, 燕麦, 细菌群落, 高通量测序

Abstract:

To explore the effects of different amendments on the soil bacterial community structure and oat growth in soda saline-alkali land, and provide a basis for efficient improvement of saline-alkali land and the high-yield cultivation of oats, a field experiment was carried out in Dongfeng Farm, Daqing City. Five treatments were set up, namely, without amendment (CK), aluminum sulfate (AS), desulfurized gypsum (DG), vinegar residue (VR) and biochar (BC). High-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the structure and diversity of soil bacterial communities, and the agronomic traits of oats were measured. The results showed that the four improvers significantly increased the soil bacterial community diversity (P<0.05). Among them, the number of OTUs, Chao1 index, and Ace index were the highest in the DG treatment, the Shannon index was the highest in the VR treatment, and the Simpson index was the lowest in the BC treatment. At the phylum level, Pseudomonadota, Acidobacteriota and Actinomycetota were the main phyla. The relative abundance of Pseudomonadota was the highest (29.47%) in the BC treatment, the relative abundance of Acidobacteriota was the lowest (17.12%) in the AS treatment, and the relative abundance of Actinomycetota was the lowest (11.00%) in the DG treatment. At the genus level, norank_Pyrinomonadaceae, norank_Gemmatimonadaceae and norank_Vicinamibacterales were the main genera. After the application of amendments, the plant height, spike length, 1000-grain weight, fresh weight and dry weight of oats all increased. The BC treatment effect was the most prominent. The plant height of oats was 130.37 cm, the spike length was 21.80 cm, the 1000-grain weight was 27.00 g, and the fresh weight and dry weight reached 8337.35 kg/hm2 and 7141.30 kg/hm2, respectively. The DG and AS treatments also promoted the growth of oats. In terms of fresh weight and dry weight, they were not as good as the BC treatment. The promoting effect of the VR treatment was relatively weak. The traits of oat plants were closely related to the α-diversity index of the soil bacterial community. In conclusion, the four amendments, aluminum sulfate, desulfurized gypsum, vinegar residue and biochar, could all improve the soil bacterial community structure and promote the growth of oats. Biochar had the best effect, followed by desulfurized gypsum and aluminum sulfate, and vinegar residue had a relatively weak effect.

Key words: soil amendments, soda saline-alkali land, oat, bacterial community, high-throughput sequencing