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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (24): 144-150.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0022

• 水产·渔业 • 上一篇    下一篇

养殖模式对中华鳖生长、脂肪酸价值以及质构的影响

朱卫国1(), 王芬2(), 陈祝2, 宋光同2, 徐笑娜2, 周翔2, 苏友风3, 朱成骏4, 方国侠5, 吴昊6, 汪美7, 蒋业林8   

  1. 1 桐城市金神镇农业农村发展中心，安徽安庆 231400
    2 水产增养殖安徽省重点实验室/安徽省农业科学院水产研究所，合肥 230031
    3 桐城市苏氏农业发展有限公司，安徽安庆 231400
    4 安徽省鳖类养殖工程技术研究中心/安徽省喜佳农业发展有限公司，安徽蚌埠 233701
    5 安徽杰与祥水产养殖有限公司，合肥 231220
    6 安徽田满农业科技有限公司，合肥 231252
    7 旌德县有贤生态龟鳖养殖有限公司，安徽宣城 242605
    8 安徽省昱涛农业科技有限公司，合肥 230031
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-03 修回日期:2025-05-12 出版日期:2025-08-25 发布日期:2025-09-05
  • 通讯作者:
    王芬，女，1985年出生，河南周口人，助理研究员，博士，主要从事中华鳖健康养殖工作。通信地址：230031 安徽省合肥市农科南路40号 安徽省农业科学院，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    朱卫国，男，1974年出生，安徽桐城人，工程师，研究方向：淡水鱼类生态增养殖。通信地址：231400 安徽省桐城市金神镇人民政府，Tel：0556-6682086，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    安徽省农业科学院院立科研计划项目“秸秆还田耦合稻渔综合种养的关键技术研究与应用”(2025YL052); 青年英才计划项目“中华鳖选育及健康养殖模式研究”(QNYC-202512); 安徽省水产产业技术体系专项“安徽省水产产业技术体系”(皖农科函〔2021〕711号)

Effects of Cultivation Models on Growth, Fatty Acid Value and Texture of Pelodiscus sinensis

ZHU Weiguo1(), WANG Fen2(), CHEN Zhu2, SONG Guangtong2, XU Xiaona2, ZHOU Xiang2, SU Youfeng3, ZHU Chengjun4, FANG Guoxia5, WU Hao6, WANG Mei7, JIANG Yelin8   

  1. 1 Jinshen Town Agriculture and Rural Development Center of Tongcheng City, Anqing, Anhui 231400
    2 Key Laboratory of Aquaculture and Stock Enhancement for Anhui Province, Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031
    3 Tongcheng Sushi Agricultural Development Co., Anqing, Anhui 231440
    4 Anhui Engineering Research Center for Turtle Farming Technology, Anhui Xijia Agricultural Development Co. Ltd., Bengbu, Anhui 233701
    5 Anhui Jie & Xiang Aquaculture Co. Ltd, Hefei 231251
    6 Anhui Tianman Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Hefei 231252
    7 Jingde County Youxian Ecological Turtle Breeding Co. Ltd., Xuancheng, Anhui 242605
    8 Anhui Yutao Agricultural Technology Co., Hefei 230031
  • Received:2025-01-03 Revised:2025-05-12 Published:2025-08-25 Online:2025-09-05

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摘要：

为探究养殖模式对中华鳖生长、营养以及口感的影响，本研究以稻田养殖和池塘集约化养殖2种常见模式下养殖的中华鳖为研究对象，通过测定生长性能、肌肉脂肪酸组成及质构等参数，综合评价其生长表现、脂肪酸营养价值和口感品质。结果表明：稻田养殖中华鳖的特定生长率（SGR）显著高于池塘集约化养殖82%（P<0.05），饵料系数（FCR）显著降低8%（P<0.05）。脂肪酸检测结果显示，2种养殖模式下的中华鳖均具有较高的脂肪酸营养价值。池塘集约化养殖中华鳖肌肉饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸比例（SFA/TFA）为40.63%，多不饱和脂肪酸/饱和脂肪酸比值（PUFA/SFA）(0.777:1)显著高于稻田养殖组（0.528:1）（P<0.05），其SFA/MUFA/PUFA比例为1.28:0.86:1.00。此外，池塘组动脉粥样硬化指数（AI=0.500）和血栓形成指数（TI=0.212）更低，低胆固醇/高胆固醇脂肪酸比值（HH=2.087）更高，脂肪酸健康评价指标均优于稻田养殖组。质构分析表明，与池塘集约化养殖相比，稻田养殖中华鳖的肌肉和裙边硬度、内聚性、胶粘性和咀嚼性较高。综上所述，稻田养殖模式更利于中华鳖生长，其肉质（肌肉和裙边）相对更具弹性；而池塘集约化养殖模式则能提升肌肉脂肪酸营养价值（尤其PUFA/SFA比值），其肉质相对更为细嫩。本研究结果为优化中华鳖养殖模式选择及消费者品质认知提供了科学依据。

关键词: 养殖模式, 中华鳖, 生长性能, 脂肪酸, 质构

Abstract:

In order to study the effects of cultivation models on the growth, nutrition and taste of Chinese soft-shelled turtles (Pelodiscus sinensis), P. sinensis cultured in two different modes (paddy-field cultivation and pond intensive cultivation) were used to evaluate the growth performance, fatty acid nutrition and taste. The results showed that in paddy-field cultivation model, the specific growth rate (SGR) of P. sinensis was significantly higher than that in intensive pond culture by 82% (P<0.05), and the feed coefficient (FCR) was significantly reduced by 8% (P<0.05). The fatty acid nutritional value of P. sinensis was high in both cultivation models. In pond intensive cultivation model, the ratios of SFA/TFA (40.63%), PUFA/SFA (0.777:1), and SFA/MUFA/PUFA (1.28:0.86:1.00), as well as the AI, TI, and HH (0.500, 0.212, 2.087) in muscle were better than those in paddy-field cultivation model. Texture analysis revealed that the hardness, gumminess and chewiness of muscles and calipash of P. sinensis cultured in paddy-field cultivation model were significantly higher than in the pond-intensive model, whereas there were no significant differences in adhesiveness, resilience and springiness. In summary, the growth performance of P. sinensis under paddy field cultivation model was better and the muscle was chewy. And in pond-intensive cultivation model, the fatty acid nutritional value was higher and the muscle was tender and juicy.

Key words: cultivation model, Chinese soft-shelled turtle, growth performance, fatty acid, texture