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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (24): 20-29.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0687

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

宁夏引黄灌区盐碱地耐盐青贮玉米品种筛选

齐儒春1(), 王静2,3,4(), 张晋美1, 刘吉利2,3,4, 孙豪杰1   

  1. 1 宁夏大学农学院，银川 750021
    2 宁夏大学生态环境学院，银川 750021
    3 西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地，银川 750021
    4 宁夏大学西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室，银川 750021
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-14 修回日期:2025-03-15 出版日期:2025-08-25 发布日期:2025-09-05
  • 通讯作者:
    王静，女，1981年出生，宁夏银川人，副研究员，博士，主要从事农业资源与环境研究。通信地址：750021 宁夏回族自治区银川市西夏区贺兰山西路489号 宁夏大学生态环境学院，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    齐儒春，女，2001年出生，河北承德人，研究生，硕士，研究方向：农业资源与环境。通信地址：750021 宁夏回族自治区银川市西夏区贺兰山西路489号 宁夏大学农学院，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目“黄河上游河套平原节水控盐产能提升技术模式与应用”(2021YFD1900603)

Selection of Salt-tolerant Silage Maize Varieties in Saline-alkali Land of Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area

QI Ruchun1(), WANG Jing2,3,4(), ZHANG Jinmei1, LIU Jili2,3,4, SUN Haojie1   

  1. 1 School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021
    2 School of Ecology and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021
    3 Breeding Base for State Key Lab. of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwestern China, Yinchuan 750021
    4 Restoration in Northwest China, Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021
  • Received:2024-11-14 Revised:2025-03-15 Published:2025-08-25 Online:2025-09-05

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摘要： 土壤盐渍化是全球性生态环境问题，严重制约着农业可持续发展，尤其在宁夏引黄灌区，该问题显著影响了玉米产量与品质。本研究旨在深入分析盐胁迫下不同青贮玉米品种的响应机制，旨在筛选兼具耐盐性、高产及优质特性的优良品种。以9个青贮玉米品种为试材，采用室内水培耐盐种子萌发试验与田间原位鉴定试验，系统测定其农艺性状、生理生化指标，并利用主成分分析、隶属函数法等方法评价耐盐性。结果表明，180 mmol/L NaCl处理可有效区分品种间耐盐差异，平均盐害指数为42.16%，变异系数为51.16%。相关性分析显示，干物质积累量、穗粗、轴粗及籽粒产量等指标与青贮玉米营养品质密切相关，淀粉含量与单穗粒重呈正相关(P<0.05)。主成分分析提取的4个主成分累积贡献率达到91.483%，全面反映了品种的综合耐盐性能。其中，‘科河699’、‘银玉238’和‘华亦1204’耐盐性最好，D值分别为0.607、0.591、0.531。‘科河699’在株高（325.17 cm），干物质量（290.27 g）及籽粒产量（9.82 t/hm²）方面均显著优于对照品种。综合评价显示，上述3个品种具有突出的耐盐性、生物量积累能力和产量潜力，适合作为全株青贮玉米品种在宁夏引黄灌区中度盐碱地推广种植。

关键词: 青贮玉米, 耐盐性, 产量, 营养品质, 品种筛选

Abstract:

Soil salinization is a global ecological environment problem, which seriously restricts the sustainable development of agriculture, especially in the Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation area, which significantly affects the yield and quality of maize. This study aimed to analyze the response mechanism of different silage maize varieties under salt stress, and then screen out high yield and good quality varieties with strong salt-tolerance ability. Nine silage maize varieties were used as test materials. The germination test of salt-tolerant seeds in indoor hydroponics and in-situ identification test in the field were carried out. Salt tolerance was evaluated by analyzing the agronomic traits and physiological and biochemical indexes of different varieties using principal component analysis and membership function method. The results showed that 180 mmol/L NaCl treatment could effectively distinguish the differences of salt tolerance among varieties, with an average salt damage index of 42.16% and a coefficient of variation of 51.16%. Correlation analysis showed that dry matter, ear diameter, axis diameter and grain yield could significantly affect the nutritional quality of silage maize, and starch content was positively correlated with grain weight per cob (P<0.05). The cumulative contribution rate of the four principal components extracted by principal component analysis reached 91.483%. It fully reflects the comprehensive salt tolerance of the variety. Of which, ‘Kehe 699’, ‘Yinyu 238’ and ‘Huayi 1204’ had the best salt tolerance, with D-values of 0.607, 0.591 and 0.531, respectively. Among them, the plant height of ‘Kehe 699’ was 325.17 cm, dry matter mass was 290.27 g, and the grain yield reached 9.82 t/hm2, which were significantly higher than the control variety. The comprehensive evaluation showed that the above three varieties had outstanding salt tolerance, biomass accumulation ability and yield potential, and were suitable for planting as whole-plant silage maize varieties in moderate saline-alkali land of the Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area.

Key words: silage maize, salt tolerance, yield, nutritional quality, variety selection