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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (24): 88-97.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0499

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

鲁西花生单产受气象因子的影响分析

商娜(), 尉法刚, 李彤, 尹会会, 闻小霞, 李庆恩, 李晓宇, 李海涛, 李秋芝()   

  1. 聊城市农业科学院，山东聊城 252000
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-30 修回日期:2025-05-15 出版日期:2025-08-25 发布日期:2025-09-05
  • 通讯作者:
    李秋芝，女，1970年出生，山东临清人，正高级农艺师，本科，主要从事花生新品种选育与栽培方面的研究。通信地址：252000 山东省聊城市东昌府区聊大西路11号 聊城市农业科学院，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    商娜，女，1989年出生，山东济宁人，农艺师，硕士研究生，主要从事花生新品种选育与栽培方面的研究。通信地址：252000 山东省聊城市东昌府区聊大西路11号 聊城市农业科学院，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    山东省现代农业产业技术体系专项资金“山东省现代耕作制度技术体系聊城综合试验站”(SDAIT-31-10); 山东省现代农业产业技术体系专项资金“山东省花生产业技术体系聊城综合试验站”(SDAIT-04-15); 山东省重点研发计划（农业良种工程）“高油高油酸抗逆高产花生突破性新品种选育”(2020LZGC001); 山东省重点研发计划（农业良种工程）子课题“抗旱耐盐碱花生新品种选育与示范”(2024LZGC031-04-01); 聊城市重点研发计划（政策引导类）项目“玉米//花生年内间作、年际间带状轮作绿色高效生产技术研究与应用”(2023YD92)

Impact of Meteorological Factors on Peanut Yield in Western Shandong

SHANG Na(), YU Fagang, LI Tong, YIN Huihui, WEN Xiaoxia, LI Qing’en, LI Xiaoyu, LI Haitao, LI Qiuzhi()   

  1. Liaocheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000
  • Received:2024-07-30 Revised:2025-05-15 Published:2025-08-25 Online:2025-09-05

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摘要： 为探究聊城市气象因子对花生单产的影响，评估花生单产与气象因子的关系，以大籽花生品种‘花育25号’和小籽花生品种‘花育20号’为试验材料，于2013—2023年在聊城市农业科学院茌平科技示范园开展试验，在饱果成熟期测量主茎高、侧枝长、分枝数，在收获时计算单株饱果数、单株结果数和荚果单产，利用花生生育期内降水量、日照时数和平均温度的气象数据，分析不同旬间气象因子对大籽花生和小籽花生品种单产的影响。结果表明：（1）聊城市花生生育期内降水量、日照时数、平均温度、高温日数和超高温日数均呈增加趋势；（2）‘花育25号’单产与播种前降水量呈极显著的强正相关关系，与播种前日照时数、开花下针期日照时数和开花下针期平均气温呈显著的负相关关系，‘花育20号’单产与各生育时期气象因子无显著关系；（3）与‘花育25号’单产显著相关的各气象要素按关联度由大到小排序依次为：5月上旬降水(0.838)>6月下旬日照(-0.756)>6月下旬气温(-0.684)>9月中旬降水(-0.644)>5月上旬日照(-0.623)>8月上旬降水(0.617)；与‘花育20号’单产显著相关的各气象要素按关联度由大到小排序依次为：7月下旬气温(-0.694)>7月中旬气温(-0.627)。综上所述，大籽花生品种生产中更易受环境影响，气候生产潜力高于小籽花生品种。在影响聊城花生单产的气象因素中，高温和降水量是主要因素，日照时数是次要因素。

关键词: 气象因子, 春花生, 产量, 相关性分析, 鲁西地区

Abstract:

In order to discuss the impact of meteorological factors on peanut yield in Liaocheng City and evaluate the relationship between peanut yield and meteorological factors, experiments were conducted on large-seeded peanut varieties ‘Huayu 25’ and small-seeded peanut varieties ‘Huayu 20’ from 2013 to 2023 at Chiping Science and Technology Demonstration Park of Liaocheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The main stem height, lateral branch length and branch number were measured at the full fruit maturity stage, and the full fruit number per plant, fruit number per plant and pod yield per unit area were calculated at harvest. Based on meteorological data including precipitation, sunshine duration, and mean temperature during the peanut growth period, we explored the effect of meteorological factors on peanut yield in Liaocheng. The main results indicated that (1) the precipitation, sunshine duration, mean temperature, high temperature days, and super high temperature days in Liaocheng City all showed an increasing trend during the peanut growth period. (2)There was a highly significant positive correlation between the yield of ‘Huayu 25’ and the precipitation before sowing, and a significant negative correlation with the sunshine duration before sowing, the sunshine duration and the mean temperature during the flowering and needling stage. There was no significant relationship between the yield of ‘Huayu 20’ and meteorological factors at different growth stages. (3)The meteorological elements significantly related to the yield of ‘Huayu 25’ were arranged in descending order of correlation: precipitation in early May (0.838)>sunshine in late June (-0.756)>temperature in late June (-0.684)>precipitation in mid September (-0.644)>sunshine in early May (-0.623)>precipitation in early August (0.617). The meteorological elements significantly related to the yield of Huayu 20 were arranged in descending order of correlation: temperature in late July (-0.694)>temperature in mid July (-0.627). In summary, the production of large-seed peanut varieties is more susceptible to environmental impact, and the climate production potential is higher than that of small-seed peanut varieties. Among the meteorological factors affecting the yield of peanuts in Liaocheng, high temperature and precipitation are the main factors, and sunshine hours are the secondary factors.

Key words: meteorological factors, spring peanut, yield, the correlation analysis, western Shandong Area