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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (25): 9-15.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0690

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

打顶方式对棉花生长及产量的影响

王海霞1(), 梁培鑫1, 魏建华2, 刘尚敏1, 许强2, 余娟娟2, 李国山2, 马忠孝3   

  1. 1 玛纳斯县农牧业技术推广中心，新疆昌吉 832200
    2 昌吉州农牧业技术推广中心，新疆昌吉 831100
    3 玛纳斯县乐土驿镇农服中心，新疆昌吉 832200
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-14 修回日期:2025-08-11 出版日期:2025-09-05 发布日期:2025-09-16
  • 作者简介:

    王海霞，女，1975年出生，甘肃武威人，推广研究员，学士，从事作物栽培研究。通信地址：832200 新疆昌吉回族自治州玛纳斯县凤城西路81号 玛纳斯县农牧业技术推广中心，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    2023年新疆维吾尔自治区人才发展基金第一批重大人才计划项目“产业技术创新团队支持计划——现代农业产业技术体系人才”(XJARS-03); 兵地融合与向南发展创新专项“优质多抗棉花新品种新技术融合示范与推广”(2023BX01-1)

Effects of Topping Methods on Growth and Yield of Cotton

WANG Haixia1(), LIANG Peixin1, WEI Jianhua2, LUI Shangmin1, XU Qiang2, YU Juanjuan2, LI Guoshan2, MA Zhongxiao3   

  1. 1 Manas County Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Center, Changji, Xinjiang 832200
    2 Changji Prefecture Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Center, Changji, Xinjiang 831100
    3 Letuyi Town Agricultural Service Center of Manas County, Changji, Xinjiang 832200
  • Received:2024-11-14 Revised:2025-08-11 Published:2025-09-05 Online:2025-09-16

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摘要： 为解决棉花打顶后生长重心转变慢、造成营养浪费等问题，以‘新陆早62号’为试验材料，研究化学打顶和传统人工打顶对其形态指标及产量指标的影响，进一步揭示在不同打顶方式下棉花的生长响应。化学和人工打顶处理，分别对称选取30株棉花定点测量，在打顶后0、7、15、30 d后测量选定棉株株高、果枝数和单株铃数，在喷施脱叶剂前调查选定棉株吐絮铃数和未吐絮铃数，计算吐絮率。每个处理选取6.67 m3样点测量棉花收获密度、平均单株铃、单铃重、衣分等指标，计算籽棉和皮棉产量。结果表明，相较于人工打顶，棉花化学打顶后0~30 d植株株高和果枝数显著增加；打顶后0~15 d，化学打顶的大、小铃数较人工打顶更少，30 d后表现增加；吐絮率、单铃重、衣分和产量等指标有所降低，单株铃数则表现升高；最终表现为人工打顶处理产量略高于化学打顶，处理间无明显差异。建议对于棉花偏旺、植株生物量较大且打顶时间较晚的棉田采用人工打顶，以加快棉花营养生长向生殖生长转变，促进蕾铃发育。对于棉花长势偏弱的棉田，通过主成分分析发现化学打顶综合农艺指标更优，可在达到打顶效果的同时一定程度上平衡棉花营养和生殖生长，避免棉花因人工打顶造成的机械损伤，充分发挥棉花的增产潜能。

关键词: 棉花, 化学打顶, 人工打顶, 形态指标, 吐絮率, 产量, 主成分分析

Abstract:

To address issues related to reduced growth rate, shifting center of gravity, and nutritional loss after cotton topping, this study examines the effects of ‘Xinluzao No.62’ on morphological and yield indicators under chemical and traditional manual topping methods. The goal is to elucidate cotton’s growth response to different topping techniques. Thirty cotton plants were subjected to chemical and manual topping treatments, with measurements being taken at specific intervals (0, 7, 15, and 30 days after topping) for plant height, number of fruit branches, and number of bolls per plant. Additionally, prior to leaf defoliation agent application, the number of seeded and unseeded bolls was recorded to determine the boll setting rate. Each treatment aimed to assess cotton harvest density, average single-plant bell weight, single-bell weight, and lint percentage, with subsequent calculation of seed cotton and lint yield. Results indicated that chemical topping of cotton led to a significant increase in plant height and fruit branches within 30 days compared to artificial topping. The number of large and small bells decreased initially (0-15 days) after topping but increased after 30 days. Parameters such as flocculation rate, single bell weight, lint percentage, and yield decreased, while the number of single bells increased. Ultimately, manual topping resulted in slightly higher yields than chemical topping, with no discernible difference between treatments. It is advisable to employ artificial topping in cotton fields with robust cotton, substantial plant biomass, and late topping to expedite the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth, fostering trellis development. Conversely, for fields with weak cotton growth, chemical topping is recommended to balance nutrition and reproductive growth, achieve topping effects, prevent mechanical damage from artificial topping, and maximize cotton’s production potential.

Key words: cotton, chemical topping, manual topping, morphological index, boll opening rate, yield, principal component analysis