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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (31): 159-164.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0180

• 水产·渔业 • 上一篇    

不同养殖空间大小对克氏原螯虾生长、营养及免疫性能的影响

谢涵滨1,2(), 王腾1, 王泽平1, 吴春1, 王信海1(), 聂国兴2()   

  1. 1 江苏省农业科学院宿迁农科所，江苏宿迁 223800
    2 河南师范大学水产学院，河南新乡 453007
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-10 修回日期:2025-07-02 出版日期:2025-11-05 发布日期:2025-11-07
  • 通讯作者:
    王信海，男，1982年出生，山东青岛人，研究员，硕士，主要从事水产养殖技术研究。通信地址：223800 江苏省宿迁市宿豫区宿迁大道16号，E-mail：。
    聂国兴，男，1971年出生，河南长垣人，教授，博士，主要从事鱼类资源保护、水产动物营养与饲料研究。通信地址：223800 河南省新乡市牧野区牧野镇建设东路46号，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    谢涵滨，男，2000年出生，四川西充人，硕士在读，主要从事水产养殖技术研究。通信地址：223800 江苏省宿迁市宿豫区宿迁大道16号，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目“克氏原螯虾工厂化智能养殖系统及配套技术研发”(CX(23)3069); 宿迁市科技计划资金项目“小龙虾工厂化健康养殖系统及配套技术研发”(L202307)

Effects of Breeding Space Sizes on Growth, Nutrition and Immunity of Procambarus clarkii

XIE Hanbin1,2(), WANG Teng1, WANG Zeping1, WU Chun1, WANG Xinhai1(), NIE Guoxing2()   

  1. 1 Suqian Institute, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800
    2 College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007
  • Received:2025-03-10 Revised:2025-07-02 Published:2025-11-05 Online:2025-11-07

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摘要：

本试验探究不同养殖空间大小对克氏原螯虾生长、营养及免疫性能的影响，以期为克氏原螯虾工厂化养殖的发展提供理论指导。在室内循环水养殖系统中设置大小分别为15 cm×15 cm、15 cm×20 cm、15 cm×25 cm和15 cm×30 cm的4种单体养殖空间进行克氏原螯虾养殖（记作S1组、S2组、S3组和S4组），试验持续56 d。在生长性能方面，S1组的终末体质量(20.57 g)、增重率(305.18%)、特定生长率(2.56%/d)显著低于其他组(P<0.05)，S1组的腹肉率(12.13%)显著高于S3组(P<0.05)，各组存活率无显著差异。在营养性能方面，随着养殖空间的增大，各组肌肉水分含量呈先升高后降低趋势，在S2组时达到最高，为79.54%；粗灰分含量呈逐渐升高趋势，S4组的含量最高，为9.37%；粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量无明显变化规律；各组肠道中的淀粉酶活性整体呈降低趋势，其中S2组最高[31.34 U/(g·prot)]，S4组最低[21.91 U/(g·prot)]；脂肪酶呈先降低后升高趋势，其中S1组最高[8.51 U/(g·prot)]，S3组最低[4.96 U/(g·prot)]；胰蛋白酶则呈升高趋势，其中S4组最高[220.53 U/(g·prot)]，S1组最低[23.97 U/(g·prot)]。在免疫指标方面，随着养殖空间的增大，各组血淋巴中的超氧化物歧化酶、酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活性呈先升高后降低趋势，其中超氧化物歧化酶、碱性磷酸酶活性在S2组中最高，分别为31.34、362.10 U/(g·prot)，酸性磷酸酶活性在S3组中最高，为96.72 U/(g·prot)；丙二醛含量则呈先降低后升高趋势，在S3组中最低，为2.83 nmol/(g·prot)。综上所述，在单体养殖模式下，养殖空间会对克氏原螯虾的生长和生理生化状态产生影响，综合来看，单体养殖空间设置为15 cm×20 cm至15 cm×25 cm的规格时，克氏原螯虾能够呈现出较好的生长、营养及免疫性能。

关键词: 克氏原螯虾, 养殖空间, 生长, 营养, 免疫

Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of breeding space sizes on the growth, nutrition, and immunity of Procambarus clarkii, and provide theoretical guidance for the development of industrial aquaculture of P. clarkii, an experiment of P. clarkii cultivation was conducted in an indoor circulating water aquaculture system. Four types of individual breeding spaces were set up in this experiment, including sizes of 15 cm×15 cm, 15 cm×20 cm, 15 cm×25 cm and 15 cm×30 cm (referred to as S1, S2, S3 and S4 group), respectively. The experiment lasted for 56 days. In terms of growth performance, the final body weight (20.57 g), weight gain rate (305.18%), and specific growth rate (2.56%/d) of the S1 group were significantly lower than those of the other groups (P<0.05), and the abdominal meat rate of the S1 group (12.13%) was significantly higher than that of the S3 group (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in the survival rate among all groups. In terms of nutritional performance, with the increase of breeding space, the muscle water content in each group showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, reaching the highest level of 79.54% in group S2. The crude ash content showed a gradually increasing trend, with the S4 group having the highest content at 9.37%. There was no significant change in crude protein and crude fat content. The amylase activity in the intestines of each group showed an overall decreasing trend, with the S2 group having the highest activity at 31.34 U/(g·prot) and the S4 group having the lowest activity at 21.91 U/(g·prot). The lipase showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, with the S1 group having the highest value at 8.51 U/(g·prot) and the S3 group having the lowest value at 4.96 U/(g·prot). Trypsin showed an increasing trend, with the S4 group being the highest at 220.53 U/(g·prot) and the S1 group being the lowest at 23.97 U/(g·prot). In terms of immune indicators, with the increase of breeding space, the activity of superoxide dismutase, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase in the hemolymph of each group showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. Among them, the activities of superoxide dismutase and alkaline phosphatase were the highest in the S2 group, at 31.34 and 362.10 U/(g·prot), respectively. The activity of acid phosphatase was the highest in the S3 group, at 96.72 U/(g·prot). The content of malondialdehyde showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, with the lowest level in the S3 group at 2.83 nmol/(g·prot). In summary, under the monoculture mode, the size of the breeding space will have an impact on the growth and physiological and biochemical status of P. clarkii. Overall, when the single breeding space is set at a size of 15 cm×20 cm to 15 cm×25 cm, P. clarkii can exhibit good growth, nutrition, and immune performance.

Key words: Procambarus clarkii, breeding space, growth, nutrition, immunity