欢迎访问《中国农学通报》,

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (7): 15-21.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0516

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

绿肥轮作对谷子农艺性状、产量及土壤养分的影响

赵娜1(), 李国清1, 李国瑜1, 丛新军1(), 张继波2, 徐慧媛1   

  1. 1 泰安市农业科学院,山东泰安 271000
    2 山东省气候中心,济南 250031
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-13 修回日期:2024-12-17 出版日期:2025-03-05 发布日期:2025-03-03
  • 通讯作者:
    丛新军,男,1972年出生,山东泰安人,正高级农艺师,本科,主要从事杂粮作物的栽培与育种工作。通信地址:271000 山东省泰安市唐王大街316号 泰安市农业科学院,Tel:0538-8503377,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    赵娜,女,1990年出生,山东滨州人,农艺师,硕士,主要从事杂粮作物的栽培与育种工作。通信地址:271000 山东省泰安市唐王大街316号 泰安市农业科学院,Tel:0538-8503377,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    山东杂粮产业技术体系泰安综合试验站(SDAIT-15-09); 泰安市科技创新发展项目(政策引导类)“谷子/绿肥轮作模式对谷子产量及土壤肥力的影响”(2022NS135)

Effects of Green Fertilizer Rotation on Agronomic Traits, Yield and Soil Nutrients of Millet

ZHAO Na1(), LI Guoqing1, LI Guoyu1, CONG Xinjun1(), ZHANG Jibo2, XU Huiyuan1   

  1. 1 Taian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai’an, Shandong 271000
    2 Shandong Climate Center, Jinan 250031
  • Received:2024-08-13 Revised:2024-12-17 Published:2025-03-05 Online:2025-03-03

摘要:

为探讨不同绿肥/谷子轮作对谷子产量和土壤肥力的影响,通过设置毛叶苕子、油菜、二月兰3种北方常用绿肥与谷子轮作,以冬闲田为对照(CK),研究绿肥翻压前(T1)、翻压30 d(T2)、翻压60 d(T3) 3个不同时期耕层土壤的全氮、磷、钾、有效磷、速效钾、有机质含量及pH的影响,并测定不同处理对谷子农艺性状及产量的影响。结果表明,3个时期土壤全氮、磷、钾、速效磷、有效钾、有机质均呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势,且均在T3时期达到最低值,各处理pH均在T2时期达到最低,表明3种绿肥均能培肥地力。与CK相比,3种绿肥处理均能增加谷子株高、穗长、穗粗及出米率,但不同绿肥作用效果不同。3种绿肥翻压处理均能提高谷子产量,增幅范围为22.56%~65.34%。3种绿肥对土壤养分及后茬谷子的产量综合影响表现为油菜>毛叶苕子>二月兰。在本试验条件下油菜更适宜与谷子进行轮作种植。

关键词: 绿肥, 谷子, 农艺性状, 产量, 土壤肥力, 轮作

Abstract:

To explore the effects of different green manure/millet rotations on millet yield and soil fertility, three kinds of green manure commonly used in the north were selected to rotate with millet, such as Vicia villosa(CV), Brassica napus (CB) and Orychophragmus violaceus(CO), and the winter fallow field was used as the control (CK). The effects of total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter and pH of topsoil in three different periods of before turning green manure (T1), 30 days after turning green manure (T2) and 60 days after turning green manure (T3) were studied, and the effects of different treatment on agronomic traits and yield of millet were determined. The results showed that the soil total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter in the three periods increased first and then decreased, which reached the lowest value in the T3 period, then the pH of each treatment reached the lowest in the T2 period, indicating that the three green manures can fertilize the soil. Compared with CK, the three green manure treatments could increase the plant height, ear length, ear diameter and milling ratio, the effects of different green manures were not the same. In terms of the yield, the three green manure treatments could increase the yield of millet, with an increase range of 22.56% to 65.34%. The comprehensive performance of the three green manures on soil nutrients and the yield of subsequent millet was CB>CV>CO. Therefore, under the experimental conditions, the Brassica napus was more suitable for rotation with millet.

Key words: green manure, millet, agronomic traits, yield, soil fertility, crop rotation