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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (7): 75-83.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0388

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

水分调控对北苍术生长特性及药材产量品质的影响

苏丹1(), 王子诚2, 贾俊英1,3(), 孙德智1,3, 李志军1,3, 郭园1,3, 庄得凤1,3   

  1. 1 内蒙古民族大学，内蒙古通辽 028000
    2 通辽市农牧业发展中心，内蒙古通辽 028000
    3 内蒙古自治区高校中（蒙）药材生态种植工程研究中心，内蒙古通辽 028000
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-18 修回日期:2024-12-17 出版日期:2025-03-05 发布日期:2025-03-03
  • 通讯作者:
    贾俊英，女，1973年出生，内蒙古通辽人，教授，博士，研究方向：药用植物栽培。E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    苏丹，男，2000年出生，内蒙古通辽人，在读硕士研究生，研究方向：药用植物栽培。通信地址：028000 内蒙古自治区通辽市科尔沁区霍林河大街西536号 内蒙古民族大学农学院，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目“北苍术药效品质形成对调亏灌溉的响应及机制研究”(2023LHMS03044); 内蒙古自治区重点研发与成果转化项目“病害绿色防控策略推动奈曼旗药材产业振兴”(2022YFXZ0034); 内蒙古自治区高校中（蒙）药材生态种植工程研究中心开放项目“北苍术种质资源保护及优良种质筛选研究”(MDK2023020); 内蒙古自治区直属高校基本科研业务费项目“中（蒙）药材生态种植工程研究中心创新平台建设”(GXKY23Z062); 内蒙古自治区科技计划项目“北苍术林药间作种植关键技术集成与示范”(2022YFDZ0077)

Effects of Water Regulation on Growth Characteristics of Atractylodes chinensis and Yield and Quality of Crude Material

SU Dan1(), WANG Zicheng2, JIA Junying1,3(), SUN Dezhi1,3, LI Zhijun1,3, GUO Yuan1,3, ZHUANG Defeng1,3   

  1. 1 Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000
    2 Tongliao Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Development Center, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000
    3 Chinese (Mongolian) Medicine Ecological Planting Engineering Research Center (Cultivation) of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region University, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000
  • Received:2024-06-18 Revised:2024-12-17 Published:2025-03-05 Online:2025-03-03

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摘要：

为探讨水分管理对北苍术根、冠生长特性、物质积累转运、产量及品质的影响，以4年生北苍术为试材，参照通辽地区2011—2020年6—9月的平均降雨量，在具有移动防雨棚的大田条件下，设置4500 m3/hm2(T1)、4000 m3/hm2(T2)、3500 m3/hm2(T3)、3000 m3/hm2(T4)、2500 m3/hm2(T5)5个灌溉量处理，分析水分调控下北苍术生长特性、物质积累转运、产量及品质。结果表明，随着灌水量的降低，各时期北苍术株高、茎粗和根茎体积均呈下降趋势，在花期、果期T5处理下株高、茎粗、根茎体积均显著低于其他处理。花期、果期T3处理的根长、根表面积和根体积均显著高于其他处理，比根长和比表面积也显著增高。不同灌溉量影响了北苍术各器官干物质分配格局，果期北苍术干物质分配转向根系及根状茎，T1、T2、T3处理下根状茎干物质积累明显升高。苍术药材产量随着灌溉量的降低呈下降趋势，T1处理产量高达7486.83 kg/hm2。北苍术根状茎苍术素含量T3、T4处理下分别为0.43%、0.46%，两者无显著性差异，且远高于《中国药典》标准，T1处理苍术素含量为0.27%，未达到《中国药典》标准。兼顾产量和品质形成，科尔沁沙地种植北苍术6—9月的适宜需水量为3500~4000 kg/hm2。

关键词: 北苍术, 水分管理, 水分调控, 生长特性, 干物质积累, 干物质分配, 产量, 品质, 苍术素

Abstract:

In order to explore the effect of water management on the growth characteristics of roots and crowns of Atractylodes chinensis and the yield and quality of medicinal materials, four-year-old A. chinensis was used as the test material, and the average rainfall from June to September in the Tongliao region 2011-2020 was used as a reference. Under the conditions of a field with a movable rain shelter, five irrigation treatments were set up as 4500 m3/hm2(T1), 4000 m3/hm2(T2), 3500 m3/hm2(T3), 3000 m3/hm2(T4), 2500 m3/hm2(T5), to analyze the growth characteristics, material accumulation and transportation, yield and quality of A. chinensis under water regulation. The results indicated that as the irrigation amount decreased, the plant height, stem diameter, and rhizome volume of A. chinensis all showed a decreasing trend at each stage. Under the T5 treatment during the flowering and fruiting stages, the plant height, stem diameter, and rhizome volume were significantly lower than those of other treatments. The root length, root surface area, and root volume of T3 treatment from flowering to fruiting stage were significantly higher than those of other treatments, and the specific root length and specific surface area were also significantly increased. Different irrigation amounts affected the distribution pattern of dry matter in various organs of A. chinensis. During the fruiting period, the distribution of dry matter in A. chinensis shifted towards the roots and rhizomes. Under T1, T2, and T3 treatments, the accumulation of dry matter in rhizomes significantly increased. The yield of A. chinensis decreased with the decrease of irrigation amount, and the yield of T1 treatment reached 7486.83 kg/hm2. Under T3 and T4 treatment, the content of A. chinensis extract in the rhizomes of atractyloxide was 0.43% and 0.46%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two and it was much higher than the pharmacopoeia standard. Under T1 treatment, the content of atractyloxide was 0.27%, which did not meet the pharmacopoeia standard. Considering the formation of yield and quality, the suitable water requirement for planting A. chinensis in Horqin Sandy Land from June to September is 3500-4000 kg/hm2.

Key words: Atractylodes chinensis, water management, moisture regulation, growth characteristics, dry matter accumulation, dry matter allocation, yield, quality, atractylenolide