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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (8): 1-10.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0540

• 农学·农业基础科学 •    下一篇

水稻关键生育期灌溉对干旱胁迫下稻谷产量和水分利用效率的影响

王俊江1,2(), 尹媛红1, 陆楚盛1,2, 陆展华1, 蔡昊炀1,2, 叶群欢1, 廖嘉晖1,2, 卢钰升3, 梁开明1(), 傅友强1()   

  1. 1 广东省农业科学院水稻研究所/广东省水稻科学技术重点实验室/农业农村部华南优质稻遗传育种实验室（部省共建）/广东省水稻工程实验室，广州 510640
    2 华南农业大学，广州 510642
    3 广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所，广州 510640
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-27 修回日期:2024-12-03 出版日期:2025-03-15 发布日期:2025-03-14
  • 通讯作者:
    傅友强，男，1984年出生，湖南新化人，副研究员，博士，主要从事水稻高产高效栽培理论与养分精准诊断方面的研究。通信地址：510640 广东省广州市天河区金颖东一街3号 广东省农业科学院水稻研究所，Tel：020-87569414，E-mail：；
    梁开明，男，1979年出生，海南琼海人，研究员，博士，主要从事水稻高产高效栽培理论方面的研究。E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    王俊江，男，2004年出生，本科，主要从事水稻高产高效栽培与逆境胁迫方面的研究。E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    广东省农业科学院低碳农业与碳中和研究中心“广东省撂荒地改良技术研究与示范”(XT202508); 国家自然科学基金面上项目“铵硝混配营养提高水稻氮素利用率的根层机制”(3217151527); 广东省自然科学基金面上项目“基于高光谱的水稻高产高效氮素养分监测与诊断模型研究”(2023A1515011533); 广东省水稻科学技术重点实验室(2023B1212060042)

Effect of Irrigation on Rice Grain Yield and Water Use Efficiency During Critical Growth Period Under Drought Stress

WANG Junjiang1,2(), YIN Yuanhong1, LU Chusheng1,2, LU Zhanhua1, CAI Haoyang1,2, YE Qunhuan1, LIAO Jiahui1,2, LU Yusheng3, LIANG Kaiming1(), FU Youqiang1()   

  1. 1 Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Rice Science and Technology/ Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou 510640
    2 South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642
    3 Agricultural Resources and Environment Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640
  • Received:2024-08-27 Revised:2024-12-03 Published:2025-03-15 Online:2025-03-14

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摘要：

为探究水稻关键生育期灌溉对稻谷产量和水分利用效率的影响，本研究以‘粤禾丝苗’为对象，设置了4个灌水处理，分别为分蘖期间灌水(IMT)、幼穗分化期间灌水(IPI)、抽穗期间灌水(IHD)、幼穗分化期间+抽穗期间灌水(IPI+IHD)，并以全生育期淹水灌溉(CK)作为对照，考察不同生育期灌水对水稻分蘖数、株高、光合作用、产量及水分利用效率等的影响。研究结果显示，与CK处理相比，IMT、IPI、IHD和IPI+IHD灌水处理的稻谷产量分别下降了97.0%、37.9%、34.7%和21.9%。在有效穗数方面，IPI、IHD和IPI+IHD灌水处理分别下降了28.6%、25.7%和31.4%，而IMT处理的有效穗数无显著差异。对于每穗颖花数和穗长，IMT和IHD处理分别下降了49.0%、20.0%和13.9%、6.4%；然而，IPI和IPI+IHD处理的株高、每穗颖花数和穗长与对照无显著差异。在结实率方面，IHD和IPI+IHD处理分别增加了22.9%和10.7%。在光合指标方面，IPI、IHD和IPI+IHD净光合速率分别增加27.3%、29.6%和32.4%，气孔导度分别增加45.5%、24.1%和42.8%，蒸腾速率分别增加33.9%、23.6%和31.5%；IPI和IPI+IHD胞间CO2浓度分别增加了0.8%和4.1%。与对照相比，IPI、IHD和IPI+IHD处理的水分利用效率分别增加13.6%、19.9%和14.6%。研究结果表明水稻分蘖间期灌水有助于分蘖数的增加，幼穗分化期间灌水能够提升每穗颖花数，抽穗间期灌水可提高水稻的结实率。分化期和抽穗期是水稻灌溉的关键时期，这有利于最大程度降低稻谷产量的损失，提高水分利用效率。本研究结果对干旱地区节水增产增效的水稻栽培具有重要意义。

关键词: 水稻, 分蘖期, 幼穗分化期, 抽穗期, 关键生育期, 灌水, 生理性状, 产量

Abstract:

In order to investigate the effect of irrigation of the critical growth period on rice grain yield and water use efficiency, rice cultivar 'Yuehesimiao' was conducted with five irrigation treatments, namely, irrigation during mid-tillering (IMT), irrigation during panicle initiation (IPI), irrigation during heading (IHD), and irrigation during panicle initiation and heading periods (IPI+IHD), and the whole growth period flooding irrigation (CK). The effects of irrigation at different growth periods on tiller number, plant height, photosynthesis, grain yield and water use efficiency of rice was studied. The results showed that compared with CK treatment, rice grain yield in IMT, IPI, IHD and IPI+IHD treatments decreased by 97.0%, 37.9%, 34.7% and 21.9%, respectively. Productive panicle number in IPI, IHD and IPI+IHD treatments decreased by 28.6%, 25.7% and 31.4%, respectively, but no significant difference in IMT treatment. Spikelet per panicle and panicle length in IMT and IHD treatments decreased by 49.0%, 20.0% and 13.9%, 6.4% respectively. No significant difference in plant height, spikelet per panicle and panicle length was observed in the IPI and IPI+IHD treatments relatively to control. The setting rate in the IHD and IPI+IHD treatments increased by 22.9% and 10.7%, respectively. The net photosynthetic rate in IPI, IHD and IPI+IHD treatments increased by 27.3%, 29.6% and 32.4%, stomatal conductance increased by 45.5%, 24.1% and 42.8%, and transpiration rate increased by 33.9%, 23.6% and 31.5%, respectively. Intercellular CO2 concentration in IPI and IPI+IHD treatments increased by 0.8% and 4.1% respectively. Compared with the control, water use efficiency in IPI, IHD and IPI+IHD treatments increased by 13.6%, 19.9% and 14.6%, respectively. Irrigation during the mid-tillering period was beneficial to the increase of tiller number, irrigation during panicle initiation could increase the number of spikelets per panicle, and irrigation during heading period could increase the setting rate of rice. The panicle initiation and heading periods are critical periods for rice irrigation, which is conducive to minimizing the yield loss and improving water use efficiency. The results of the study are of great significance for water-saving, yield-enhancing and efficiency-enhancing rice cultivation in arid areas.

Key words: rice, mid-tillering period, panicle initiation period, heading period, critical growth period, irrigation, physiological traits, yield