广藿香土传病害及其连作根际微生态研究进展

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0354

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 184-193.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0354

广藿香土传病害及其连作根际微生态研究进展

刘海涛¹^,²^,³(), 邓权清²^,³, 顾艳²^,³, 王继华¹^,²^,³()

¹ 华中农业大学资源与环境学院，武汉 430070
² 广东省农业科学院作物研究所/广东省农作物遗传改良重点实验室，广州 510640
³ 广东省道地南药资源保护与利用工程中心，广州 510640

收稿日期:2025-05-12 修回日期:2025-10-27 出版日期:2026-01-15 发布日期:2026-01-15
通讯作者:
王继华，男，1979年出生，湖北荆门人，研究员，博士，研究方向：南药栽培与育种研究。通信地址：510640 广东省广州市天河区金颖路西二街18号广东省农业科学院作物研究所，E-mail：wangjihua@gdaas.cn。
作者简介:
刘海涛，男，2000年出生，硕士，研究方向：南药资源保护与利用研究。通信地址：430070 湖北省武汉市洪山区狮子山街1号华中农业大学，E-mail：3012710582@qq.com。
基金资助:
广东省农业农村厅农业科研类及技术推广示范类项目“南药连作土壤风险评估与改良”(202472); 广东省农业科学院创新基金“连作广藿香根际土壤微生物区系特征及其形成机理研究”(202110)

Research Progress on Soil-Borne Diseases of Patchouli and Its Rhizosphere Microecology Under Continuous Cropping

LIU Haitao¹^,²^,³(), DENG Quanqing²^,³, GU Yan²^,³, WANG Jihua¹^,²^,³()

¹ College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070
² Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640
³ Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Protection and Utilization of Characteristic South Medicinal Materials, Guangzhou 510640

Received:2025-05-12 Revised:2025-10-27 Published:2026-01-15 Online:2026-01-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在通过综述广藿香连作土传病害的发生及其根际微生态研究进展，为缓解其连作障碍提供理论依据。广藿香的主要土传病害包括由茄科雷尔氏菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)引起的青枯病和尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxoysporum)等引起的根腐病。病原微生物通过破坏根际微生态平衡，抑制广藿香植株生长和发育，降低产量和药用成分含量，影响种植效益。同时，广藿香根系分泌的化感物质可导致土壤酸化、养分失衡等理化性质改变，进一步加剧根际微生物群落结构失调，成为病害发生的关键诱因。土壤中有益微生物可通过竞争、拮抗和诱导抗性等机制抑制病原菌，人工合成菌群的施用可有效缓解连作障碍。近年来，基因组学、代谢组学等多组学研究技术的快速发展，以及人工合成菌群的应用，为土传病害的机制研究和绿色防治提供了新思路。未来研究应重点阐明病原菌致病机制，优化合成菌群应用，构建综合防治体系，为广藿香产业可持续发展提供理论依据和技术支撑。

关键词: 广藿香, 连作, 土传病害, 根际微生态, 多组学技术, 合成菌群

Abstract:

This article reviewed the occurrence of soil-borne diseases of Pogostemon cablin and research progress on its rhizosphere microecology under continuous cropping, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for alleviating continuous cropping obstacles. The main soil-borne diseases of P. cablin included bacterial wilt incited by Ralstonia solanacearum and root rot caused by Fusarium oxoysporum. Plant pathogens in P. cablin disrupted the rhizosphere microecological balance, inhibiting the growth and development of plants, reducing yield and medicinal compound accumulation, and directly impacting planting benefits. Meanwhile, continuous cropping of P. cablin induced allelochemical release from its roots, triggering soil acidification and nutrient imbalance that restructured rhizosphere microbial community. The imbalance of the rhizosphere microbial community was identified as a pivotal factor driving disease development in continuously cropped P. cablin. Beneficial rhizobacteria suppressed soil-borne pathogens through competitive exclusion, antimicrobial metabolite production, and induced systemic resistance (ISR) mechanisms, whereas synthetic microbial communities (SynComs) supplementation alleviated the occurrence of continuous cropping obstacles. Recent advancements in multi-omics technologies (e.g., genomics, metabolomics) and SynComs have revolutionized soil-borne disease research, offering novel strategies for pathogen control and sustainable agricultural practices. Future research must prioritize clarifying the pathogen pathogenesis mechanisms, optimizing the application of SynComs, and constructing a comprehensive control system to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the sustainable development of the P. cablin industry.

Key words: Pogostemon cablin, continuous cropping, soil-borne diseases, rhizosphere microecology, multi-omics technologies, synthetic microbial communities

刘海涛, 邓权清, 顾艳, 王继华. 广藿香土传病害及其连作根际微生态研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2026, 42(1): 184-193.

LIU Haitao, DENG Quanqing, GU Yan, WANG Jihua. Research Progress on Soil-Borne Diseases of Patchouli and Its Rhizosphere Microecology Under Continuous Cropping[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2026, 42(1): 184-193.

图/表 5

图1. 青枯菌生活史

图2. 广藿香根腐病病症与病原菌 a~b为尖孢镰刀菌引起广藿香根腐病的病症与病株根系解剖图，c~d为尖孢镰刀菌在PDA培养基上培养7 d的菌落正反面，e~f为棕榈疫霉引起广藿香根腐病的病症与病株根系解剖图，g~h为壳球孢属真菌引起广藿香根腐病的病症与病株根系解剖图，i为壳球孢属真菌分生孢子

图3. 根际微生态环境对药用植物健康的影响

图4. 土壤非病原微生物提高植物抗病能力的机制

图5. 连作障碍研究理论演进与技术发展

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广藿香土传病害及其连作根际微生态研究进展

Research Progress on Soil-Borne Diseases of Patchouli and Its Rhizosphere Microecology Under Continuous Cropping

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