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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 176-183.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0319

• 植物保护·农药 • 上一篇    下一篇

水稻恶苗病综合防控技术研究进展

兰波1,2(), 陈明3, 周琦娜3, 李云鹏4, 李保嘉1,4, 邓兴1,4, 孙清华1,4, 杨紫玉1,4, 段灵涛1,2, 阴长发1,2, 邵见阳1,2, 涂雪琴1,2, 杨迎青1,2, 赵志珍5()   

  1. 1 江西省农业科学院植物保护研究所,南昌 330200
    2 农业面源污染防控与废弃物综合利用江西省重点实验室,南昌 330200
    3 江西省红壤及种质资源研究所,南昌 330046
    4 黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院,哈尔滨 150080
    5 江西省南昌市进贤县李渡镇人民政府,南昌 331725
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-21 修回日期:2025-10-30 出版日期:2026-01-15 发布日期:2026-01-15
  • 通讯作者:
    赵志珍,女,1978年出生,江西进贤人,农艺师,大专,研究方向:植物保护与病虫害防治。通信地址:331725 江西省南昌市进贤县李渡镇人民政府,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    兰波,男,1981年出生,江西分宜人,研究员,博士,研究方向:植物病原真菌学。通信地址:330200 江西省南昌市青云谱区南莲路602号 江西省农业科学院植物保护研究所,Tel:0791-82728663,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    江西省农业科学院基础研究与人才培养专项“藤仓镰刀菌致病必需效应子的鉴定与功能分析”(JXSNKYJCRC202518); 江西省职业早期青年科技人才培养项目“恶苗病发生后水稻根际微生物群落解析及生防菌筛选”(409035308004); 江西省农业科学院基础研究与人才培养专项“芦笋茎枯病菌侵染过程中编码miRNA介导的基因调控机制”(JXSNKYJCRC202204); 国家自然科学基金项目“稻曲病菌低毒真菌病毒的多样性及其与寄主真菌互作的研究”(32360648); 江西省产业技术体系项目“江西省水稻产业技术体系病虫草害绿色防控”(JXARS-01); 江西省主要学科和技术带头人领军人才项目“芦笋茎枯病菌内切多聚半乳糖醛酸酶基因Asb-pgapa的克隆、表达及功能鉴定”(20213BCJL22046); 江西省自然科学基金重点项目“芦笋茎枯病菌聚酮合酶基因pks-pa的功能与表达”(20202ACBL205006); 江西省重点实验室项目“农业面源污染防控与废弃物综合利用江西省重点实验室”(2024SSY04211)

Research Progress on Comprehensive Prevention and Control Techniques of Rice Bakanae Disease

LAN Bo1,2(), CHEN Ming3, ZHOU Qina3, LI Yunpeng4, LI Baojia1,4, DENG Xing1,4, SUN Qinghua1,4, YANG Ziyu1,4, DUAN Lingtao1,2, YIN Changfa1,2, SHAO Jianyang1,2, TU Xueqin1,2, YANG Yingqing1,2, ZHAO Zhizhen5()   

  1. 1 Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200
    2 Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control and Waste Comprehensive Utilization, Nanchang 330200
    3 Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil and Germplasm Resources, Nanchang 330046
    4 College of Modern Agriculture and Ecology, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080
    5 People’s Government of Lidu Town, Jinxian County, Nanchang, 331725
  • Received:2025-04-21 Revised:2025-10-30 Published:2026-01-15 Online:2026-01-15

摘要:

水稻恶苗病对中国粮食安全构成日益严重威胁,单一化学防治面临严峻挑战。本文系统综述了该病害综合防控技术的最新进展,明确了致病菌种类与典型症状,阐述了传播途径、侵染循环、流行规律,从品种抗性、病源积累、机械损伤、气象条件、药剂浸种、育秧方式和栽培管理等方面阐述了水稻恶苗病的发生原因,从选用抗病品种、选用无病种子、种子处理以及田间管理等方面回顾了水稻恶苗病在农业防治技术领域的研究进展,从拮抗细菌的筛选与抑菌测定、生防菌的挖掘与应用以及生物制剂在防治水稻恶苗病中的应用等方面阐述了水稻恶苗病在生物防治技术领域的研究进展,从室内药剂筛选和种子处理等方面归纳了主要化学防治措施。本文强调,应以农业防治技术为基础,综合利用化学防治、生物防治等技术,是实现水稻恶苗病有效控制、保障水稻产业可持续发展的关键路径。

关键词: 水稻恶苗病, 镰刀菌, 发病症状, 流行规律, 综合防控

Abstract:

Rice bakanae disease has emerged as a major seed-borne fungal disease threatening China’s food security, and single chemical control is facing severe challenges. This paper systematically reviewed the latest progress in the comprehensive prevention and control technology of this disease. The pathogens and symptoms of rice bakanae disease were introduced, and the occurrence regularity of rice bakanae disease was expounded from the aspects of transmission route, infection cycle and epidemic regularity. The cause factors of rice bakanae disease were introduced from the aspects of variety resistance, pathogen accumulation, mechanical damage, meteorological conditions, seed soaking with fungicide, seedling raising methods and cultivation management. The research progress on agricultural control measures of rice bakanae disease were introduced from the aspects of selecting disease-resistant varieties, selecting disease-free seeds, seed treatment and strengthening field management. The research progress on biological control measures of rice bakanae disease focused on the screening of antagonistic bacteria and their inhibitory activity assessment, the exploration and application of biocontrol bacteria, and the utilization of biopreparations for disease management. It also summarized key chemical control strategies, including laboratory fungicide screening and seed treatment applications. The authors emphasized that effective management of bakanae disease should be based on agricultural control, integrated with chemical and biological control methods, to achieve comprehensive disease management and ensure the healthy and sustainable development of grain production in China.

Key words: rice bakanae disease, Fusarium spp., disease symptom, epidemic regularity, comprehensive prevention and control