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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (12): 109-118.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2026-0015

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

小麦茎基腐病发病与健康土壤理化性质和微生物群落结构比较分析

冯志珍1,2,3(), 陈太春4, 颜宏1,2,3, 陈志杰1,2,3, 李英梅1,2,3, 徐进5, 郭欢1,2,3, 秦涛1,2,3, 付博1,2,3()   

  1. 1 陕西省生物农业研究所， 西安 710043
    2 陕西省植物线虫学重点实验室， 西安 710043
    3 陕西省酶工程技术研究中心， 西安 710600
    4 西安市临潼区农技推广服务中心， 西安 710600
    5 西安市农业技术推广中心， 西安 710061
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-21 修回日期:2026-03-20 出版日期:2026-06-25 发布日期:2026-06-23
  • 通讯作者:
    付博，女，1982年出生，吉林人，副研究员，博士，研究方向：植物病害生物防治。通信地址：710043 陕西省西安市新城区咸宁中路125号，陕西省生物农业研究所，Tel：029-83825687，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    冯志珍，女，1986年出生，内蒙古呼和浩特人，助理研究员，博士，主要从事土壤保育修复研究。通信地址：710043 陕西省西安市咸宁中路125号 陕西省生物农业研究所，Tel：029-82291059，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    陕西省科学院科技计划研究项目“小麦土传病害绿色防控关键技术研发与示范”(2024k-02); 西安市科技局农业关键技术攻关重点项目“小麦土传病害生防微生物资源挖掘及新产品创制与应用”(25NJSZD00020); 陕西省创新能力支撑计划项目“生物技术中试研究科技共享服务平台”(2023-cX-Pt-12); 陕西省重点研发计划项目“陕南土石山区坡耕地改土培肥关键技术集成及示范”(2023-ZDLNY-54)

Comparative Analysis of Physicochemical Properties and Microbial Community Structure Between Diseased and Healthy Soils in Wheat Fusarium Crown Rot

FENG Zhizhen1,2,3(), CHEN Taichun4, YAN Hong1,2,3, CHEN Zhijie1,2,3, LI Yingmei1,2,3, XU Jin5, GUO Huan1,2,3, QIN Tao1,2,3, FU Bo1,2,3()   

  1. 1 Bio-Agriculture Institute of Shaanxi, Xi’an 710043
    2 Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Plant Nematology, Xi’an 710043
    3 Enzyme Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi, Xi’an 710600
    4 Xi’an Lintong District Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, Xi’an 710600
    5 Xi’an Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Xi’an 710061
  • Received:2026-01-21 Revised:2026-03-20 Published:2026-06-25 Online:2026-06-23

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摘要：

小麦茎基腐病已成为威胁我国黄淮麦区与关中麦区安全生产的重大土传病害，其发生与土壤微生态失衡密切相关，但土壤理化性质与微生物群落协同驱动发病的机制尚不明确。为阐明小麦土传病害茎基腐病发生与土壤微生态环境的互作关系，筛选健康土壤核心指示微生物，为绿色防控提供理论依据，以陕西省关中麦区为研究对象，采集发病与健康小麦植株及土壤样品，对比分析土壤理化性质、微生物群落结构及小麦生长差异。结果表明，发病土壤全氮、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别比健康土壤高10.9%、9.2%、25.1%和16.0%；健康土壤细菌和真菌优势类群分布更均衡，其中枝孢属(Cladosporium)、维什涅维茨酵母属(Vishniacozyma)和微球菌科(Micrococcaceae)为核心有益类群，发病土壤则以镰刀菌属(Fusarium)、链格孢属(Alternaria)等病原菌为优势类群；与发病小麦相比，健康小麦茎秆高度、穗长和旗叶叶面积分别增加26.4%、8.7%和64.9%。相关性分析显示，土壤养分通过调控微生物群落组成间接影响病害发生。本研究研究揭示了关中麦区“高养分富集—病原菌优势—微生态失衡—小麦受害”的致病链条，提出“养分调控+菌群优化”的协同防控策略，明确了潜在生防菌资源，为小麦茎基腐病绿色防控、土壤健康提升与丰产栽培提供科学支撑。未来可开展微生物菌剂创制与精准施肥耦合技术研究。

关键词: 小麦茎基腐病, 土壤微生态, 土壤理化性质, 微生物群落, 镰刀菌属, 养分调控, 关中麦区

Abstract:

Wheat Fusarium crown rot has become a major soil-borne disease that threatens the safety of wheat production in the Huang-Huai wheat region and the Guanzhong wheat region in China. Its occurrence is closely related to the imbalance of soil microecology, but the mechanism of soil physicochemical properties and microbial community synergistically driving the disease is still unclear. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between the occurrence of Fusarium crown rot and the soil micro-ecological environment. Wheat and soil samples from diseased and healthy fields in the wheat-producing region of Guanzhong, Shaanxi Province were collected as the research materials. The differences in soil physicochemical properties, microbial community structure and wheat growth were then analyzed and compared. The results showed that the contents of total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in diseased soils were 10.9%, 9.2%, 25.1% and 16.0% higher than those in healthy soils, respectively. The distribution of dominant bacterial and fungal communities was more balanced in healthy soils, with Cladosporium, Vishniacozyma and Micrococcaceae identified as the core beneficial taxa. Pathogenic fungi such as Fusarium and Alternaria dominated in diseased soils. Compared with diseased wheat, healthy wheat exhibited increases of 26.4% in plant height, 8.7% in spike length, and 64.9% in flag leaf area, respectively. Correlation analysis revealed that soil nutrients indirectly affect the occurrence of the disease by regulating microbial community composition. This study revealed the pathogenic chain of ‘high nutrient enrichment-pathogen advantage-microecological imbalance-wheat victimization’ in Guanzhong wheat area, and proposed a coordinated prevention and control strategy of ‘nutrient regulation coupled with microbial community optimization’. The potential biocontrol bacteria resources were clarified, and provided scientific support for the green prevention and control of wheat Fusarium crown rot, soil health improvement and high-yield cultivation. In the future, the research on the coupling technology of microbial agent creation and precision fertilization can be carried out.

Key words: wheat Fusarium crown rot, soil microecology, soil physicochemical properties, microbial community, Fusarium, nutrient regulation, Guanzhong wheat area

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