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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (11): 16-23.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0530

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

品字型摆播对玉米群体生长与产量的影响

娄晨彤1(), 皇甫忠良2, 李利利1, 黄娇彤1, 张姣姣1, 王婧婧1, 李亚丽1, 徐丽娜1(), 孙彩霞3()   

  1. 1 河南科技学院农学院, 河南新乡 453003
    2 焦作联丰良种工程技术股份有限公司, 河南焦作 454450
    3 河南省焦作市博爱县农业机械技术中心, 河南焦作 454450
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-27 修回日期:2025-11-18 出版日期:2026-06-12 发布日期:2026-06-12
  • 通讯作者:
    徐丽娜,女,1983年出生,山东巨野人,讲师,博士,研究方向:作物高产高效栽培生理。通信地址:453003 河南省新乡市红旗区洪门镇华兰大道东段90号 河南科技学院,E-mail:
    孙彩霞,女,1973年出生,河南博爱人,高级农艺师,本科,主要从事农作物研究和农业技术推广工作。通信地址:454450 河南省焦作市博爱县农业机械技术中心,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    娄晨彤,男,2004年出生,河南通许人,本科在读,研究方向:农学。通信地址:453003 河南省新乡市红旗区洪门镇华兰大道东段90号 河南科技学院,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    河南省科技攻关项目“花期高温对玉米花粉和产量的影响及调控喷剂研制”(242102110167); 河南省高等学校大学生创新训练计划项目 “基于品字形摆播玉米群体生长与光截获的动态模拟研究”(202410467032)

Effect of Delta-row Planting on Growth and Yield of Maize Population

LOU Chentong1(), HUANGFU Zhongliang2, LI Lili1, HUANG Jiaotong1, ZHANG Jiaojiao1, WANG Jingjing1, LI Yali1, XU Lina1(), SUN Caixia3()   

  1. 1 Agricultural College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan 453003
    2 Jiaozuo Lianfeng Seed Engineering Technology Co., Ltd., Jiaozuo, Henan 454450
    3 Agricultural Machinery Technology Center, Bo'ai County, Jiaozuo City, Henan Province, Jiaozuo, Henan 454450
  • Received:2025-06-27 Revised:2025-11-18 Published:2026-06-12 Online:2026-06-12

摘要:

品字型摆播是一种新型的玉米田间种植方式,通过改变植株空间配置和群体结构,改善田间光环境,提高作物光能利用效率,从而实现稳产增产。然而,其对玉米冠层结构、光合物质生产及茎秆力学特性的综合影响尚缺乏系统研究。本研究以玉米品种‘联研35’为材料,以常规等行距种植为对照,系统分析了品字型摆播对玉米形态特征(株高、穗位高、茎叶夹角和冠层透光率)、光合物质生产(叶面积指数、SPAD值、净光合速率和单株干物质积累)及茎秆强度(折断强度、压碎强度和穿刺强度)的影响,并进一步探讨其对产量形成的作用机制。结果表明,品字型摆播显著优化了玉米群体冠层结构,降低了茎叶夹角,提高了冠层透光率,有效改善了中下层叶片的光照条件,进而增强了叶片光合能力和干物质积累。与传统等行距种植相比,品字型摆播显著提高了玉米叶片SPAD值,净光合速率提高20.00%,单株干物质积累显著增加。同时,品字型摆播显著增强了玉米茎秆力学强度,其中折断强度和压碎强度分别提高28.60%和11.11%,有利于增强植株抗倒伏能力。在产量表现上,品字型摆播处理的玉米产量达到16297.05 kg/hm2,显著高于对照处理的14852.22 kg/hm2,增产幅度为9.73%。综上,品字型摆播通过优化玉米冠层结构、提升光合物质生产能力并增强茎秆强度,有效促进了产量形成,可作为一种高效、稳产的玉米种植方式在生产中推广应用。

关键词: 玉米, 品字型摆播, 冠层结构, 茎秆强度, 产量

Abstract:

Delta-row planting is a novel maize field arrangement that optimizes the spatial configuration and population structure of plants. This method improves the field light environment and enhances light energy utilization efficiency, thereby contributing to stable yield increases. However, systematic research on its comprehensive effects on maize canopy structure, photosynthetic production, and stem mechanical properties remains lacking. Using the maize variety 'Lianyan 35' as material, with conventional equidistant planting as the control, this study systematically analyzed the effects of delta-row planting on maize morphological characteristics (plant height, ear height, stem-leaf angle, and canopy transmittance), photosynthetic production (leaf area index, SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate, and dry matter accumulation per plant), and stem strength (breaking strength, crushing strength, and puncture strength). The mechanism underlying its effect on yield formation was further explored. The results showed that delta-row planting significantly optimized the population canopy structure by reducing the stem-leaf angle and increasing canopy transmittance. This effectively improved the light conditions for middle and lower leaves, subsequently enhancing leaf photosynthetic capacity and dry matter accumulation. Compared with traditional equidistant planting, delta-row planting significantly increased the SPAD value of leaves, raised the net photosynthetic rate by 20.00%, and markedly boosted dry matter accumulation per plant. Concurrently, delta-row planting strengthened the mechanical properties of maize stems, with breaking strength increasing by 28.60% and crushing strength by 11.11%, which is beneficial for improving lodging resistance. Regarding yield performance, the delta-row planting treatment achieved a grain yield of 16297.05 kg/hm2, significantly higher than the 14852.22 kg/hm2 of the control treatment, representing a yield increase of 9.73%. In summary, the delta-row planting method effectively promotes yield formation by optimizing canopy structure, enhancing photosynthetic production, and strengthening stem mechanical properties. Therefore, it can be promoted and applied as an efficient and stable maize cultivation technique.

Key words: maize, delta-row planting, canopy structure, stem strength, yield

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